备考六级讲座听力，这个福利我给满分
自2016年6月起，大学英语六级听力试题进行了调整，具体变化为：取消短对话，取消短文听写，短文听力由三篇调整为两篇，新增讲座听力三篇。调整后的六级听力试题包括：两段长对话、两篇短文听力和三篇讲座听力，题型均为单项选择题。
题型分析
讲座一般是指演讲人就某一学术话题或社会话题等所做的讲话，话题范围较广。六级考试中新增加的讲座听力部分由三篇讲座组成，总共约1200词，每篇讲座后有3-4个问题，共10道小题，都采用单项选择题型。
常考题型
通过分析官方给出的样题和六级真题可以看出，讲座听力的试题大致可分为以下几种：
1. 主旨大意题
这类考题主要考查考生判断讲座主要内容以及把握讲座重点的能力，这也符合六级考委会所给大纲指出的：不但要考查抓取细节信息的能力，还要考查把握主旨大意的能力。
例如
Hi, I’m Elizabeth Hoffler, Master of Social Work. I’m a social worker, a lobbyist and a special assistant to the Executive Director at the National Association of Social Workers. Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker. Social work is the helping profession. Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic needs of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty.
Q
What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A) The history of social work.
B) Social work as a profession.
C) Academic degrees required of social work applicants.
D) The aim of the National Association of Social Workers.
答案：Ｂ
Tips
对于主旨题，可以从三方面来把握：一是从选项入手。选项中出现多次的词通常是中心词。二是要特别注意演讲人启首与结尾的语段，文章的开头和结尾容易设置主旨大意题。三是从主题、问题、技术、方法、发现、结论或有待解决的问题入手，特别注意这些核心内容中的名词、动词等标示词或句型。
2. 推理判断题
这类试题主要考查考生理解讲座内容并进行综合归纳的能力，考生要捕捉重要信息并进行推理或推断。这类考题通常不能从某一点上直接得出答案，而需要综合讲座的几个方面进行归纳和判断。
例如
A student who is struggling to adapt to a new learning culture may be reluctant to speak up because if he seems to doubt the teacher, he is not showing respect. It is dishonoring the teacher. International students and their teachers need to talk to each other to find out about their expectations of the student-teacher roles.
Q
What can we infer from the second step?
A) International students may adapt to a new learning culture by communication.
B) We can understand others’ expectations by our own cultural expectations.
C) International students always show no respect to their teachers.
D) We needn’t talk to each other about expectations of good student-teacher roles.
答案：A
Tips
生词多的地方未必是考点，其后的解释则常为考点。这也符合平时我们反复强调的观点：如果听力中遇到听不懂的生词，千万不要因为纠结而跟不上节奏，要集中精力听懂接下来的内容。一般一个新的概念提出以后，往往紧跟着会用简单的语言来对其进行解释，而这些解释的内容才可能是考点真正的出处，需要特别留意。
3. 观点态度题
态度题要求考生根据讲座的内容判断出演讲者对某人、某事或某物的说法或看法，要特别注意表示主讲人观点或态度的地方。
例如
Maybe we can do it. Maybe it’s possible. Who knows? Maybe we can even go further and get an economy that pulls carbon out of the atmosphere, which is what we are going to need to be doing by the end of the century.
Q
What is the expert’s attitude towards reducing carbon intensity in the future?
A) Critical.
B) Disappointed.
C) Pessimistic.
D) Optimistic
答案：D
Tips
这类考题选项往往是形容词，在听录音时应特别留心像fortunately, luckily, unfortunately这类具有感情色彩的词。演讲人对于谈论的对象可能有双向评论，如果听不出演讲人的态度方向，建议选正面的态度。
4. 细节辨认题
这类考题在讲座中几乎可以找到原文表达，通常是对多项具体信息的辨别，要求考生能够准确把握讲座中的细节。
例如
So it wasn’t the first time that I printed clothes. For my senior collection at fashion design school, I decided to try and 3D print an entire fashion collection from my home. The problem was that I barely knew anything about 3D printing, and I had only nine months to figure out how to print five fashionable looks.
Q
When did the speaker start experimenting with 3D printing?
A) When she attended a fashion show nine months ago.
B) When she was studying at a fashion design school.
C) When she had just graduated from her college.
D) When she attended a conference in New York.
答案：Ｂ
Tips
听录音时应特别留意文章中表示时间、地点、年代、数字、事物特征、原因、结果、目的等内容的信息，细节题的答案往往由 first，most，because，in any case，as a matter of fact等副词或副词短语引出，听录音时要留意这些词后面的相关信息。
想要有效提高讲座听力理解水平，须重视以下方面：
1. 纵向预读
为了提高对讲座的理解，听录音之前应提前阅读所有听力的选项，尽量找出其中的关系，尤其注意那些重复出现的大写字母缩写或名词等，这些可能就是讲座中的生词或听题提示词。
2. 善用速记
听录音时用自己平时熟练的速记方法或符号记下核心词汇，尤其是一些转折词、数词、人名、公司名、地名、场所、主题词等。听学术讲座录音期间要听记兼顾，以听为主，记录为辅，重点记录那些支撑句子结构的主要部分。
3. 强化训练
考场上，长时间、高强度还在紧张状态下听题，可能导致听力的“耐力”不够，出现听力的“极限”。要克服这样的“极限”就需要靠平时的多次训练，而且训练强度要比考试时大，才能有所提高。
重磅
推荐
《大学英语学术讲座听力教程》是一本专为帮助考生提高六级讲座听力理解水平而设计的教程。书中对学术讲座的语篇结构、演讲特征分析到位，句型术语归纳全面，遵循了循序渐进、主题集中、强化训练，适当归纳的原则，题型与六级考试贴近，学以致用，强化技巧，传授高分秘籍。
《大学英语学术讲座听力教程》
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