United States law bans noncitizens from voting in federal elections, such as elections for president, the Senate, and the House of Representatives.
美国法律禁止非公民在联邦选举中投票，例如总统、参议院和众议院选举。
Like many states, Pennsylvania also bans noncitizens from voting in elections for state offices.与许多州一样，宾夕法尼亚州也禁止非公民在州公职选举中投票。A 1996 federal law permits fines and imprisonment for up to a year for noncitizens who vote in federal elections.1996年的一项联邦法律允许对在联邦选举中投票的非公民处以罚款和最高一年的监禁。Violators can also be deported.When people in the U.S. register to vote, they swear officially that they are U.S. citizens.In Pennsylvania, as in other states, people must meet requirements, including citizenship, to register to vote.在宾夕法尼亚州，与其他州一样，人们必须满足包括公民身份在内的要求才能登记投票。The state constitution says a voter must "have been a citizen of the United States at least one month."They also have to prove that they live in the state and voting district.Ellen Lyon is a spokesperson for the Pennsylvania Department of State.Lyon said, if a noncitizen did try to vote in a Pennsylvania election, they would face punishment, including imprisonment and deportation.里昂说，如果非公民确实试图在宾夕法尼亚州选举中投票，他们将面临包括监禁和驱逐出境在内的惩罚。The department is "not aware of any instances of noncitizens registering to vote or voting in any recent elections," Lyon said in an email to The Associated Press (AP).里昂在给美联社的一封电子邮件中表示，该部门“不知道有任何非公民登记投票或在最近的任何选举中投票的情况”。Ron Hayduk is a political science professor at San Francisco State University in California who studies voting laws for noncitizens.罗恩·海杜克是加州旧金山州立大学的政治学教授，研究非公民投票法。He said that studies show noncitizens are not illegally voting in big numbers.There have been some reports of noncitizens illegally casting ballots, Hayduk said, but such incidents are very rare.海杜克说，有一些关于非公民非法投票的报道，但此类事件非常罕见。The Brennan Center for Justice is a research group at New York University.In 2017, the group studied 42 voting areas across the United States in the 2016 election.2017年，该小组研究了美国各地2016年大选的42个投票区。It reported that of 23.5 million votes cast, election officials found about 30 cases of possible noncitizen voting that they referred, or reported, to law enforcement.据报道，在2350万张选票中，选举官员发现了大约30起可能是非公民投票的案件，他们将这些案件提交或报告给了执法部门。The state of Georgia examined its voter lists in 2022 and found fewer than 2,000 times when noncitizens tried to register to vote over the last 25 years.佐治亚州于2022年检查了其选民名单，发现过去25年中非公民试图登记投票的次数不到2000次。None of those people were registered because they did not qualify.Millions of new Georgia voters registered during that time.In 2017, Pennsylvania said that it had to fix a mistake that permitted noncitizen immigrants to register to vote when getting a driver's license.2017年，宾夕法尼亚州表示，它必须纠正一个错误，即允许非公民移民在获得驾照时登记投票。State election officials said noncitizen immigrants might have cast 544 ballots illegally — out of more than 93 million ballots in elections dating back 18 years, going back to 2000.州选举官员说，在2000年以来18年来的9300多万张选举选票中，非公民移民可能非法投了544张选票。Daniel Mallinson is an associate professor of public policy and administration at Penn State University in central Pennsylvania.丹尼尔·马林森是宾夕法尼亚州中部的宾夕法尼亚州立大学公共政策与管理学副教授。He said claims that noncitizens are voting in large numbers have been "clearly debunked over and over and over again."他说，有关非公民大量投票的说法“一遍又一遍地被明显揭穿”。The AP says no state constitutions clearly permit noncitizens to vote.But some cities and towns in the states of California, Maryland and Vermont, as well as the District of Columbia,但加利福尼亚州、马里兰州、佛蒙特州以及哥伦比亚特区的一些城镇。do permit voting by noncitizens in some local elections such as for school board and city council.确实允许非公民在一些地方选举中投票，如学校董事会和市议会选举。