干货 | 热搜第一的“脑雾”，《柳叶刀》这样翻译

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2024-09-04

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（图源：视觉中国）

“‘阳’后的恢复期，我觉得自己的注意力降低了，是不是出现了‘脑雾’？会持续多久？”近日，有患者表示，自己“阳康”后感到疲倦、注意力下降。

“脑雾”话题冲上热搜榜第一，引发讨论。

专家：尚无研究能够明确新冠和“脑雾”之间的因果关系

“新冠感染康复后，我觉得自己反应有点迟钝。”

1月1日，北京市朝阳区的孙女士告诉记者：“工作的时候要刻意控制自己集中注意力，昨天中午我竟然点了两份外卖，感觉自己变傻了。”

安徽中医药大学神经病学研究所附属医院神经内科主任医师王共强告诉记者，事实上，“脑雾”并不是一个医学术语或科学术语，而是对一类谈不上症状的感觉的描述。新冠康复后，大部分的“脑雾”症状都会逐步缓解。

王共强告诉记者：“早在新冠出现之前，‘脑雾’ 已被用来描述慢性疲劳综合征等状况时出现的注意力下降和执行力障碍。主要包括思维和反应迟缓、模糊、混乱，精神感到疲劳，注意力不集中，或者无法集中注意力做一件事情等一种或多种表现。

“目前，尚无研究能够明确新冠和‘脑雾’之间的因果关系。但是我们可以推测出，感染新冠带来的身心疲乏虚弱，也会让我们在一定程度上出现 ‘脑雾’的症状。”王共强说。

如何缓解新冠后出现的“脑雾”症状？

王共强提示，首先，可以合理摄入一些膳食补充剂，例如-GPC（甘磷酸胆碱）。其次，良好的睡眠、合理的饮食和科学的锻炼可以改善记忆力，及其他“脑雾”症状。“此外，感染前接种疫苗、增肌减脂，感染后及时抗病毒治疗，以及足量饮水、增加蛋白摄入、充分睡眠和休息，都有必要。

“即使在新冠康复后学习和工作效率变低，也不要过度担心自己就此‘变傻’，大部分‘脑雾’ 会在1个月至1年之内逐步缓解。”王共强说。

近日，牛津大学研究者发表在《柳叶刀·精神病学》（Lancet Psychiatry）上的一项研究成果表明，相比于其他呼吸道感染，新冠感染两年后的人，患痴呆症、精神疾病和脑雾的风险明显增加。

据了解，该研究分析了128万例新冠确诊病例，是该类研究中规模最大的。

此外，该研究还发现，在成年人中，感染新冠后抑郁或焦虑的风险增加，但在大约两个月内即恢复到与其他呼吸道感染相同的水平。

Covid linked to longer-term elevated risk of brain fog and dementia

（来源：The Guardian)

Millions of people who have had Covid-19 still face a higher risk of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including brain fog, dementia and psychosis, two years after their illness, compared with those who have had other respiratory infections, according to the single largest study of its kind.

根据同类中规模最大的一项研究，与患有其他呼吸道感染的人相比，数百万感染新冠的人在患病两年后仍然面临更高的神经和精神类疾病风险，包括脑雾、痴呆症和精神病。

neurological /ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ 神经系统的；神经（病）学的
psychiatric /ˌsaɪkɪˈætrɪk/ 精神病（学）的
brain fog 表示“脑雾，难以集中精神，无法清晰思考”
dementia /dɪˈmenʃə/ （尤指老年性）痴呆
psychosis 精神病，精神变态
respiratory /ˈrɛspərətərɪ/ 呼吸的

（图源：视觉中国）

They also face an increased risk of anxiety and depression, the research suggests, but this subsides within two months of having Covid-19. Over two years the risk is no more likely than after other respiratory infections. The findings are published in the Lancet Psychiatry journal.

研究表明，他们还面临着焦虑和抑郁的风险增加，但在患新冠肺炎后两个月内，这种风险就会消退。两年后，这种风险并不比其他呼吸道感染后的风险更大。该研究成果发表在《柳叶刀·精神病学》杂志上。

Almost 600m Covid-19 cases have been recorded worldwide since the start of the pandemic, and there has been growing evidence that people who survive the disease face increased risks of neurological and psychiatric conditions.

自新冠疫情以来，全世界报告了近六亿例新冠确诊病例，越来越多的证据表明，疾病幸存者面临神经和精神疾病风险的增加。

Previous studies have found that people face higher risks of several neurological and mental health conditions in the first six months after infection. Until now, however, there has been no large-scale data examining the risks over a longer time period. The new study, by the University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, analysed 1.28m Covid-19 cases over two years.

先前的研究发现，人们在感染后的前六个月面临更高的几种神经和精神健康状况的风险。然而，迄今为止，还没有大规模数据来研究更长时间内的风险。牛津大学和牛津健康生物医学研究中心国家健康和护理研究所的这项新研究分析了两年内128万例新冠确诊病例。

Dr Max Taquet, who led the analyses at the University of Oxford, said: “The findings shed new light on the longer-term mental and brain health consequences for people following Covid-19 infection. The results have implications for patients and health services and highlight the need for more research to understand why this happens after Covid-19, and what can be done to prevent these disorders from occurring, or treat them when they do.”

牛津大学的马克斯·塔奎博士带领了这项分析，他说：“这些发现为感染新冠后人们心理和大脑健康的长期后果提供了新的启示。这些结果对患者和医疗服务具有意义，并强调需要进行更多的研究来理解感染新冠后为什么会发生这种情况，以及如何防止这些疾病的发生，或者在它们发生时进行治疗。”

The study analysed data on 14 neurological and psychiatric diagnoses from electronic health records mostly from the US. It found that in adults the risk of depression or anxiety increased after Covid-19 but returned to the same as with other respiratory infections within about two months.

该研究分析了主要来自美国的电子病历中14项神经和精神疾病诊断的数据。它发现，在成年人中，感染新冠后抑郁或焦虑的风险增加，但在大约两个月内恢复到与其他呼吸道感染相同的水平。

However, the risk of some other neurological and mental health conditions remained higher after Covid-19 than for other respiratory infections at the end of the two-year follow-up.

然而，在两年随访结束时，感染新冠后一些其他神经和精神健康状况的风险仍然高于其他呼吸道感染。

Adults aged 64 and under who had Covid-19 had a higher risk of brain fog (640 cases per 10,000 people) compared with those who had other respiratory infections (550 cases per 10,000 people).

64岁及以下感染新冠的成年人患脑雾的风险（每10,000人640例）高于患有其他呼吸道感染的成年人（每10,000人550例）。

In those aged 65 and over who had Covid-19, there was a higher occurrence of brain fog (1,540 cases per 10,000 people), dementia (450 cases per 10,000 people) and psychotic disorders (85 cases per 10,000 people) compared with those who previously had a different respiratory infection (1,230 cases per 10,000 for brain fog, 330 cases per 10,000 for dementia and 60 cases per 10,000 for psychotic disorder).

在65岁及以上感染新冠的人中，与那些以前患有不同呼吸道感染的人相比，脑雾（每10,000人1,540例）、痴呆症（每10,000人450例）和精神病性障碍（每10,000人85例）的发生率更高（脑雾1,230例，痴呆症330例，精神病性障碍60例）。

psychotic /saɪˈkɒt.ɪk/ 精神病的，患精神病的

Results in children showed similarities and differences to adults. The likelihood of most diagnoses after Covid-19 was lower than in adults, and they were not at greater risk of anxiety or depression than children who had other respiratory infections. However, like adults, children recovering from Covid-19 were more likely to be diagnosed with some conditions, including seizures and psychotic disorders.

儿童的结果与成人有相似之处，也有不同之处。感染新冠后大多数诊断的可能性低于成人，他们患焦虑或抑郁的风险也不比患有其他呼吸道感染的儿童高。然而，与成人一样，感染新冠后康复的儿童更有可能被诊断患有某些疾病，包括癫痫发作和精神病性障碍。

seizure /ˈsiːʒə/ 1）表示“占领，夺取，攫取；查封，没收，充公”；2）表示“心脏病突发”

More neurological and psychiatric disorders were seen during the Delta variant wave than with the prior Alpha variant. The Omicron wave was linked with similar neurological and psychiatric risks as Delta.

与之前的感染阿尔法（Alpha）毒株的人相比，感染德尔塔（Delta）毒株的人出现了更多的神经和精神疾病。与德尔塔毒株类似，感染奥密克戎波的人，有患神经和精神疾病的风险。

variant /ˈveəriənt/ 变体；变种

The researchers cautioned that there were some important limitations to consider. The study may underrepresent self-diagnosed and asymptomatic cases of Covid-19 as these are unlikely to be recorded. It also did not look at the severity or length of conditions after Covid-19 and how they compare with other respiratory infections.

研究人员告诫说，有一些重大的局限性需要考虑。这项研究中自我诊断和无症状的新冠确诊病例的代表性可能不足，因为这些病例不太可能被记录下来。该研究也没有分析感染新冠后的严重程度或持续时间，以及它们与其他呼吸道感染的比较。

asymptomatic /æˌsɪmptəˈmætɪk/ 无症状的

Prof Paul Harrison, who led the study at the University of Oxford, said: “It is good news that the excess of depression and anxiety diagnoses after Covid-19 is short-lived, and that it is not observed in children. However, it is worrying that some other disorders, such as dementia and seizures, continue to be more likely diagnosed after Covid-19, even two years later.”

牛津大学带领这项研究的保罗·哈里森教授说：“感染新冠后诊断出过多的抑郁和焦虑是短暂的，而且在儿童中没有这个现象，这是个好消息。然而，令人担忧的是，一些其他疾病，如痴呆症和癫痫发作，即使是两年后，感染新冠后仍然更有可能被诊断出来。”

本文来源：人民日报健康客户端、卫报、英语学习社、译·世界

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