向往的课堂 | 侯深：《美国史》教学大纲
本期“向往的课堂”推送的是《美国史》的课程大纲，感谢侯深老师的支持。
《美国史》是本科生专业基础课程。本课将探讨形塑美国历史的不同力量与不同群体，考察不同文化在这片大陆上的遭遇。在传统的政治、经济、精英思想史之外，本课还将引入环境史、社会史、文化史的视角，同时，将美国的历史放入地球行星的尺度之内进行思考。
侯深：美国史
时间：周二7-8节
地点：理教209
Email: houshen@pku.edu.cn
Office hour: 周二13:30-14:30
or by appointment
本课程是面向历史学本科生所开设的美国史通史课程，其根本目的在于帮助学生理解美国何以成为今日之美国的动力与经历。在本课程中，我们将探讨形塑美国历史的不同力量与不同群体，考察不同文化在这片大陆上的遭遇。在传统的政治、经济、精英思想史之外，我们还将引入环境史、社会史、文化史的视角，同时，将美国的历史放入地球行星的尺度之内进行思考。作为一门通史课程，我们将以时间顺序为基本脉络，整体分为三个时间段，前殖民时代到殖民时代、革命到重建、进步主义到冷战结束。在不同时期侧重不同主题，每周讲述一个主题，每个主题分为两个部分，第一部分将从较为传统的史学角度出发考察美国的历史演化，第二部分将从环境史视角探讨同一主题，以期帮助学生从不同角度反思历史的演化机制。
通过本课程的学习，学生应当（1）熟悉美国历史的既定的、较为传统的知识性框架及其对历史因果的解释；（2）对此框架进行批判性反思；（3）了解研究美国历史的不同形式档案，学会基本查找与使用方式。本课程力图提升学生联系性、比较性与复杂性思维，毕竟，美国历史从来不仅仅是独属于美国的历史，而是多元文化与生态交互作用下的产物。
课 程 安 排
2.21 课程介绍：什么是美国史？
Course introduction: What is American History?
“美国史”从何时何处开始？
泛古大陆的传奇与世界的重新缝合
火、食物与人口
“处女地”vs“生态印第安人”？
向上滑动查看阅读材料
Required reading:
Ted Steinberg, “Prologue” and Chapter 1, Down to Earth: Nature’s Role in American History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002)
Historic Document:
Three maps: The ancient supercontinent of Pangea, a topographic map of North America, and an administrative map of the USA
Chief Seattle’s Apocryphal Speech, 1854: https://www.thefreshreads.com/chief-seattles-speech/
Further reading:
*杰瑞德•戴蒙德：《枪炮、病菌与钢铁》，王道还译，北京：中信出版社，2022.
Timothy R Pauketat, Cahokia: Ancient America’s Great City on the Mississippi (New York, N. Y. Viking, 2009)
Shepard Krech, III, The Ecological Indian: Myth and History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999)
2.28 第二地球的发现，1492-1776
The Discovery of Second Earth, 1492-1776
第一部分
拥挤的旧大陆
建立“山巅之城”
种植园与奴隶制
第二部分
哥伦布大交换
冰冷的迎接
土地的变迁
向上滑动查看阅读材料
Required reading:
李剑鸣：《美国的奠基时代》，第一、二、三章
Choose a podcast:
Option I: James Horn, “What Is a Historic Source?” at Ben Franklin’s World, https://benfranklinsworld.com/episode-079-jamestown-historic-source-doing-history/
Option II: Sam White, “A Cold Welcome: The Little Ice Age and the Encounter with North America” at https://newbooksnetwork.com/sam-white-a-cold-welcome-the-little-ice-age-and-europes-encounter-with-north-america-harvard-up-2017/
Historic Document:
John Winthrop’s “A City upon a Hill”（1630）
William Wood, New England Prospect: A True, Lively, and Experimental Description of That Part of America Commonly Called New England (London, 1634).
Further reading:
*艾尔弗雷德•克罗斯比：《哥伦布大交换：1492年以后的生物影响和文化冲击》，郑明萱译，北京：中信出版社，2018.
*William Cronon, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England (New York: Hill and Wang, revised edition, 2003).
Kathleen Donegan, Seasons of Misery: Catastrophe and Colonial Settlement in Early America (Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 2016).
Sam White, A Cold Welcome: The Little Ice Age and the Encounter with North America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 2017).
3.7 女人、女巫与妻子: 1650-1750
Women, Witch, and Wife, 1650-1750
第一部分
清教的世界
好妻子
海斯特·白兰的遭遇
第二部分
塞勒姆女巫案的生态考察
自然、母亲与工业
向上滑动查看阅读材料
Required reading:
Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, “John Winthrop’s City of Women,” Massachusetts Historical Review, 2001, Vol. 3 (2001), pp. 19-48.
Mark Fiege, Chapter 1“Satan in the Land,” The Republic of Nature: An Environmental History of the United States. Seattle: University of Washington Press, reprinted ed., 2013.
Historic Document (to be circulated):
Zenger, John Peter (1697-1746). New-York Weekly Journal, Vol. 933, no. 80 (May 19, 1735)]. Available online at Adam Matthew Digital, Marlborough, American History, 1493-1945.
New England Farmer, 1850, p. 82 (Influence of Women) available on line at http://ia600301.us.archive.org/34/items/newenglandfarmer50bost/newenglandfarmer50bost.pdf
Further reading:
*Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, Good Wives: Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England, 1650-1750. New York: Vintage Books, 1980.
Carolyn Merchant, Ecological Revolutions: Nature, Gender, and Science in New England. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1989.
斯泰西•西夫：《猎巫：塞勒姆1692》，浦雨蝶、梁吉译，上海：文汇出版社，2020.
3.14 革命之路，1776-1815
The Road to Revolution, 1776-1815
第一部分
课本中的历史故事
《独立宣言》和《美国宪法》
被遗忘的群体
第二部分
“建国之母”：雌性四斑按蚊
《美国宪法》的缺失
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Required reading:
Gordon S. Wood, “A Century of Writing Early American History: Then and Now Compared; Or How Henry Adams Got It Wrong,” American Historical Review, Jun., 1995, Vol. 100, No. 3 (Jun., 1995), pp. 678-696.
John McNeill, Chapter VI “Lord Cornwallis vs. Anopheles quadrimaculatus, 1780–1781,” in Mosquito Empires: Ecology and War in the Great Caribbean, 1620-1914 (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2010).
Historic Document:
Thomas Paine, Common Sense (1776)
“An Ordinance for Ascertaining the Mode of Disposing of Lands in the Western Territory”（1785）
Further reading:
*戈登•伍德：《美国革命的激进主义》，付国英译，北京：商务印书馆，2011
理查德•霍夫斯塔特：《美国政治传统及其缔造者》，崔永禄、王忠和译，北京：商务印书馆，2010.
*王希：《原则与妥协：美国宪法的精神与实践》（增订版），北京：北京大学出版社，2014.
David Armitage, The Declaration of Independence: A Global History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007).
3.21 美丽新世界，1815-1846
A Brave New World, 1815-1846
第一部分
托克维尔眼中的美国
市场革命
杰克逊民主
第二部分
海狸的悲歌
自然的工业化
Part I:
The USA in Tocqueville's eyes
Market Revolution
Jacksonian democracy
Part II:
The tale of beavers
Nature incorporated
向上滑动查看阅读材料
Required reading:
Charles Sellers, Chapter 1 “Land and Market,” Market Revolution, Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1991).
Steinberg, Chapter 4 “A World of Commodities” Down to Earth.
Historic Document:
托克维尔：《论美国的民主》，任选一章
Further reading:
*Harry L. Watson, Liberty and Power: The Politics of Jacksonian America (New York: Hill and Wang, 1990).
Sean Wilentz, Andrew Jackson (New York: Times Books; BCE edition, 2005).
Theodore Steinberg, Nature Incorporated: Industrialization and Waters of New England (Amherst: Univ. of Massachusetts Press, reprinted ed., 1994).
3.28 美国圣人与异端，1800-1850
American Saints and Heretics, 1800-1850
第一部分
超验主义的冥想
自立与美国文化
走出康科德
第二部分
梭罗与世界的争吵
以自然观察自然
向上滑动查看阅读材料
Required reading:
Perry Miller, “From Edward to Emerson,” Errand into the Wilderness (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1956).
Donald Worster, Chapter 4 “Nature Looking into Nature,” Nature’s Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas (New York: Univ. of Cambridge Press, 2nd ed., 1994).
Historic Document:
Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance” (1841)
Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience”(1848)
Further reading:
*Robert Gross, The Transcendentalists and Their World (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2021).
Philip Gura, American Transcendentalism: A History (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008).
罗德里克•纳什：《荒野与美国精神》，侯文蕙、侯钧译，北京：环境科学出版社，2015.
4.4 这片撕裂的土地，1820-1865
This Torn Land, 1820-1865
第一部分
棉花王国
“自由土地、自由人民”
大战爆发
第二部分
演化的秘密
饥饿的战争
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Required reading:
James M. McPherson, “No Peace without Victory, 1861-1865,” American Historical Review, Vol. 109, No. 1 (Feb. 2004), pp. 1-18.
Fiege, Chapter 3“King Cotton: The Cotton Plant and Southern Slavery,” Republic of Nature.
Historic Document:
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)
Frederic Law Olmsted, A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States with Remarks on Their Economy，Ch. III, Vol.1, 1856
Further reading:
*埃里克•方纳：《烈火中的考验：亚伯拉罕·林肯与美国奴隶制》，于留振译，北京：商务印书馆，2017.
斯文•贝克特：《棉花帝国：一部资本主义全球史》，徐秩杰、杨燕译，后浪出品，2019.
Lisa Brady, War upon the Land: Military Strategy and the Transformation of Southern Landscapes during the American Civil War (Athens, GA: Univ. of Georgia Press, 2012).
4.11 蓝调棉铃虫，1865-1916
Boll Weevil Blues: The American South after the Civil War
第一部分
失败的重建
白人至上主义
大移民
第二部分
被奴役的土地
棉铃象鼻虫的到来
向上滑动查看阅读材料
Required reading:
“Eric Foner’s‘Reconstruction,’ an assessment by Luke Staszak, Kate Masur, Heather Andrea Williams, Gregory P. Downs, Steven Hahn, and Eric Foner, Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, Vol. 14, No. 1 (January 2015), pp. 13-27
Podcast on Brian McCammack, Landscape of Hope: Nature and the Great Migration in Chicago, at https://newbooksnetwork.com/brian-mccammack-landscapes-of-hope-nature-and-the-great-migration-in-chicago-harvard-up-2017/
Historic Document:
Henry Brown’s “Opinion of the Court in Plessy V. Ferguson (1896)”
John M. Harlan, “Dissent from Plessy V. Ferguson (1896)”
“The Boll Weevil Song,”lyrics and music (late 19th century)
Further reading:
Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877 (New York: Harper, updated edition, 2014).
*Brian McCammack, Landscape of Hope: Nature and the Great Migration in the Chicago (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 2021).
James Giesen, Boll Weevil Blues: Cotton, Myth, and Power in the American South (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 2012).
4.18 向西奔腾的河流，1839-1890
A River Running West, 1839-1890
第一部分
“天定命运”
《宅地法》与西进运动
特纳的边疆学说
第二部分
征服干旱的西部
帝国之河
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Required reading:
Frederick Jackson Turner, “The Significance of the Frontier in American History.”
Donald Worster, “New West, True West: Interpreting The Region's History,” Western Historical Quarterly, Apr. 1987, Vol. 18, No. 2 (Apr. 1987), pp. 141- 156.
Historic Document:
John L. O’Sullivan on Manifest Destiny (1839)
John Wesley Powell, “Institutions for the Arid Lands,” Century, 40(1890): 111-116.
Further reading:
*唐纳德•沃斯特：《帝国之河：水、干旱与美国西部的成长》，侯深译，南京：译林出版社，2018.
Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1950).
Andrew Isenberg, The Destruction of the Bison: An Environmental History (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000).
4.25 大西洋的跨越，1877-1920
Atlantic Crossings: Culture and Society, 1877-1920
第一部分
镀金时代
进步交响乐
寻找家园
第二部分
规划城市
自然的大都市
在远离城市的地方
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Required reading:
Daniel Rodgers, “Capitalism and Politics in the Progressive Era and in Ours,” Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era, Vol. 13, No. 3 (July 2014), pp. 379-386
James R. Barrett, “Americanization from the Bottom Up: Immigration and the Remaking of the Working Class in the United States, 1880-1930,” Journal of American History, Vol.79, No.3 (Dec. 1992), pp. 996-1020
Steinberg, Chapter 9 “Conservation Reconsidered” & 10 “Death of the Organic City,” in Down to Earth.
Historic Document:
Jane Addams, The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets (1930)
Theodore Roosevelt, “Conservation as a National Duty” (1908)
Further reading:
*丹尼尔•罗杰斯：《大西洋的跨越：进步时代的社会政治》，吴万伟译，南京：译林出版社，2011.
侯深：《无墙之城：美国历史上的自然与城市》，成都：四川人民出版社，2021
李漪莲：《亚裔美国的创生：一部历史》，伍斌译，北京：中信出版社，2019.
5.9 形成中的霸权，1898-1920
Creating Hegemony, 1898-1920
第一部分
孤立主义与美国的扩张
走向太平洋
巴黎和会中的美国
第二部分
无餍之欲
巴拿马运河的环境史反思
夏威夷与太平洋两岸的世界
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Required reading:
Michael H. Hunt, “Resistance and Collaboration in the American Empire, 1898-1903: An Overview,” Pacific Historical Review Vol. 48, No. 4 (Nov., 1979), pp. 467-471;以及该期中的任何一篇文章。
Paul Sutter, “Nature’s Agents or Agents of Empire? Entomological Workers and Environmental Change during the Construction of the Panama Canal,” Isis Vol. 98, No. 4 (December 2007), pp. 724-754
Historic Document:
President McKinley on American Empire (1899,a recorded interview with James Rusling).
Greg Mitman, “The Land Beneath Our Feet,” a documentary film based on a 1926 Harvard University expedition to Liberia. 如果希望以此纪录片为史料，请与侯老师联系。
Further reading:
*王立新：《踌躇的霸权：美国崛起后的身份困惑与秩序追求》，北京：中国社会科学出版社，2015.
Richard Tucker, Insatiable Appetite: The United States and the Ecological Degradation of the Tropical World (New York: Rowman & Littlefield, revised edition, 2007).
Greg Mitman, Empire of Rubber: Firestone’s Scramble for Land and Power in Liberia (New York: The New Press, 2021).
5.16 灰色十年，1929-1939
A Grey Decade, 1929-1939
第一部分
我们是迷惘的一代
大萧条与新政
阶级与性别
第二部分
面包篮的崩溃
尘暴的警示
绿色新政
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Required reading:
David M. Kennedy, “What the New Deal Did,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 124, No. 2 (Summer 2009), pp. 251-268.
Neil. M. Maher, “A New Deal Body Politic: Landscape, Labor, and the Civilian Conservation Corps,” Environmental History, Jul., 2002, Vol. 7, No. 3 (Jul., 2002), pp. 435-461
Historic Document:
Steel Workers Organizing Committee, A New Declaration of Independence (1936)
John Steinbeck,“ The Grapes of Wrath” (1939), movie or novel
Further reading:
*David M. Kennedy, Freedom from Fear: The American People in Depression and War (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1999).
唐纳德•沃斯特：《尘暴：20世纪30年代的美国南部大平原》，侯文蕙译，南京：江苏人民出版社，2020
Neil M. Maher, Nature’s New Deal: The Civilian Conservation Corps and the Roots of the American Environmental Movement (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2008).
5.23 战争的幽灵，1939-1945
The Specter of World War, 1939-1945
第一部分
战或不战？
战时社会
重建国际秩序
第二部分
争夺生存空间
杀死害虫与敌人
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Required reading:
王立新：《踌躇的霸权》第307-372页
Edmund Russell, “‘Speaking of Annihilation’: Mobilizing for War Against Human and Insect Enemies, 1914-1945,” Journal of American History, Mar.,1996, Vol. 82, No. 4 (March, 1996), pp. 1505-1529
Historic Document:
Franklin D. Roosevelt, The “Four Freedoms” Address (1941)
Cartoon advertisement on pesticides, reprinted in Soap and Sanitary Chemicals (1944), in Russell, “’Speaking of Annihilation’, p.1507
Further reading:
George C. Herring, The American Century & Beyond: US Foreign Relations, 1893-2014 (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2017)
*Edmund Russell, War and Nature: Fighting Humans and Insects with Chemicals from World War I to Silent Spring (New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001).
5.30 丰裕社会，1945-1980
A Nation of Plenty, 1945-1980
第一部分
消费神话
另一半的生活
民权运动
第二部分
乡村里的推土机
反主流文化中的自然热望
向上滑动查看阅读材料
Required reading:
Peter Irons etc., “Did the Brown Decision Fail to Desegregate and Improve the Status of African Americans?” in Taking Sides: Clashing Views in United States History, vol.2, edited by Larry Madaras and James M. SoRelle (Dubuque,IA: McGraw-Hill, 12th edition, 2007).
Adam Rome, “‘Give Earth a Chance’: The Environmental Movement and the Sixties,” Journal of American History Vol. 90, No. 2 (Sep., 2003), pp. 525-554.
Historic Document:
Majority Opinion of the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
“A Short History of America,” by cartoonist Robert Crumb, at wired.com and other sites
Further reading:
David Potter, People of Plenty: Economic Abundance and the American Character (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954).
Jackson Lears, Fables of Consumption: A Cultural History of Advertising in America (New York: Basic Books, 1994).
*亚当•罗姆：《乡村里的推土机：郊区住宅开发与美国环保主义的兴起》，高国荣等译，北京：中国环境科学出版社，2011.
6.6 蘑菇云下的阴影，1945-1991
The Shadow of a Mushroom Cloud
第一部分
铁幕降临
“伟大社会”
历史的终结？
第二部分
原子弹与脆弱时代
增长的极限
只有一个地球
向上滑动查看阅读材料
Required reading:
John Earl Haynes, etc. “Did Communism Threaten America’s Internal Security After World War II?” in Taking Sides (see citation above)
Kate Brown, “Gridded Lives: Why Kazakhstan and Montana are Nearly the Same Place,” American Historical Review, Vol. 106, No. 1 (Feb., 2001), pp. 17-48
Historic Document:
John F. Kennedy, Speech at the Berlin Wall (1963)
Donella Meadows etc., The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome. New York: Universe Books, 1972).
Further reading:
*理查德•霍夫施塔特：《美国生活中的反智主义》，陈欣言译，后浪出版社，2021
弗朗西斯•福山：《历史的终结与最后的人》，陈高华译，理想国出品，桂林：广西师范大学出版社，2014.
Kate Brown, Plutopia: Nuclear Families, Atomic Cities, and the Great Soviet and American Plutonium Disasters (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2013).
教 师 简 介
侯深，环境史、城市史学者，北京大学历史学系教授。曾为德国慕尼黑大学蕾切尔·卡森中心卡森学者，担任多个国际环境史组织与期刊学术委员会委员。她的著作包括The City Natural: Garden and Forest Magazine and the Rise of American Environmentalism (美国匹兹堡大学出版社城市环境史书系，2013)、《无墙之城：美国历史上的城市与自然》（四川人民出版社论世衡史书系，2021），并有译作《帝国之河：水、干旱与美国西部的成长》（译林出版社，2018）。她目前正在完成关于波士顿城市环境史的专著，并着手研究海岸城市的历史。
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