其他
只用2小时，开发足球射门游戏
游戏界面实现思路&代码
1）界面术语定义
2）观众区绘制思路&代码
观众区用swing代码进行实现，绘制的思路如下：绘制背景矩形框；绘制次排观众——首先，绘制一个圆和椭圆合并成一个观众样式。然后，绘制一个小一点的圆和椭圆合并成一个观众样式。最后，组合并放置到第2排位置，并铺满整排；绘制首排观众【与上一步一致，注意换观众的颜色】——首先，绘制一个圆和椭圆合并成一个观众样式；然后，绘制一个小一点的圆和椭圆合并成一个观众样式；最后，组合并放置到第1排位置，并铺满整排；绘制两个不同颜色的矩形框，并摆放最前面遮挡第1排观众的“脚”；绘制几根黑线，遮挡广告边缘。
通过swing中的Graphics2D对象绘制第二排观众：
// 观众背景g2d.setColor(personBgColor);g2d.fillRect(0,y,getWidth(),100);//画矩形for (int i = 0; i < getWidth(); i+=46) {// 观众第二排 g2d.setColor(person2); g2d.fillOval(i,36,16,16);//画圆 g2d.fillArc(i-7,50,30,50,0,180);// 画扇行 g2d.fillOval(i+24,40,13,13); g2d.fillArc(i+18,51,24,49,0,180);}通过swing中的Graphics2D对象绘制第一排观众：
// 观众第一排y+=90;g2d.fillRect(0,y-30,getWidth(),50);g2d.setColor(person1);for (int i = 0; i < getWidth(); i+=46) { g2d.fillOval(i+7,y-41,16,16); g2d.fillArc(i,y-25,30,50,0,180); g2d.fillOval(i+31,y-34,13,13); g2d.fillArc(i+25,y-24,24,49,0,180);}通过swing中的Graphics2D对象绘制广告栏和黑线：
// 绘制广告栏和黑线g2d.setColor(personBgColor1);g2d.fillRect(0,y,getWidth(),20);g2d.setColor(personLineColor);g2d.fillRect(0,y,getWidth(),2);y+=20;g2d.setColor(personBgColor2);g2d.fillRect(0,y,getWidth(),18);y+=18;g2d.setColor(personLineColor);g2d.fillRect(0,y,getWidth(),2);for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) { g2d.fillRect(getWidth()*i/5,y-38,2,38);}3）草坪绘制思路&代码
参考实现代码：
// 足球草地int count =0;int h1=60;for (int i = y; i < getHeight(); i++) {if(count%2==0){ g2d.setColor(bgColor1); }else{ g2d.setColor(bgColor2); } g2d.fillRect(0,y,getWidth(),h1+count*10); y+=h1+count*10;count++;}4）禁区三维绘制思路&代码
禁区用swing代码进行实现，绘制的思路如下：绘制一个空心的圆角矩形；使用变换技术让圆角矩形具有三维立体效果；调整禁区框的位置；用一个绿色矩形遮挡多余的禁区部分。
动画呈现如下：
通过swing中的Graphics2D对象绘制两个圆角矩形合并：
g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);g2d.fillRect(0,175,getWidth(),5);AffineTransform oldTx = g2d.getTransform();Stroke stroke = new BasicStroke(5);g2d.setStroke(stroke);AffineTransform tx = new AffineTransform();tx.setToShear(-0.5, 0);g2d.setTransform(tx);g2d.drawRoundRect(getWidth()*5/20,175,getWidth()*6/10,120,10,10);AffineTransform tx2= new AffineTransform();tx2.setToShear(0.5, 0);g2d.setTransform(tx2);g2d.drawRoundRect(getWidth()*3/20,175,getWidth()*6/10,120,10,10);g2d.setTransform(oldTx);擦除中间不要的部分：
//清理内部多余的线g2d.setColor(bgColor1);g2d.fillRect(0,173,getWidth(),2);g2d.fillRect(getWidth()*3/20+10,180,getWidth()*7/10-20,20);g2d.fillRect(getWidth()*3/20+10,270,getWidth()*6/10-20,23);g2d.setColor(bgColor2);g2d.fillRect(getWidth()*3/20+10,200,getWidth()*6/10-20,70);5）球门球网三维绘制思路&代码
球门与球网的绘制是最难的，卡点在于如何利用平面技术实现三维效果，绘制的思路如下：绘制一个圆角矩形，作为球门框；绘制两条弯折折线，作为球门内门柱；绘制多条水平的三线段折线，作为球门水平球门线；绘制多条垂直的二线段折线，作为球门垂直球门线。
定义对应的尺寸大小，绘制球网竖线：
g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);int step = 15;int startX = getWidth()*4/20+20;int centerX = getWidth()/2;int startY = 85;// 球网竖线for (int i = startX; i < (getWidth()*4/5); i=startX) { int x[] = {startX,startX+(startX<centerX?+8:-8),startX+(startX<centerX?+12:-12)}; int y[] = {startY,startY+10,155}; if((centerX-startX)!=-10) { g2d.drawPolyline(x, y, x.length);//画折线 } startX+=step;}实现球门内柱偏移：
// 球迷柱左里Stroke stroke = new BasicStroke(5);g2d.setStroke(stroke);startX = getWidth()*4/20+20;int tempX[] = {startX-18,startX-2,startX-2};int tempY[] = {startY+3,startY+10,153};g2d.drawPolyline(tempX, tempY, tempY.length);startX = getWidth()*4/5;int rightX[] = {startX-2,startX-20,startX-24};int rightY[] = {startY+3,startY+10,153};g2d.drawPolyline(rightX, rightY, rightY.length);stroke = new BasicStroke(1);g2d.setStroke(stroke);startX = getWidth()*4/20;
通过swing中的Graphics2D对象绘制球网横线：
// 球网横线int endX = getWidth()*4/5;for (int i = startY; i < 156; i=startY) { int x[] = {startX,startX+(startX<centerX?+18:-18),endX-12,endX}; int y[] = {startY,startY-3,startY-3,startY}; g2d.drawPolyline(x,y,x.length); startY+=step;}int x[] = {startX,startX+(startX<centerX?+18:-18),endX-12,endX};int y[] = {158,155,155,158};g2d.drawPolyline(x,y,x.length);通过swing中的Graphics2D对象绘制门框：
// 绘制门框g2d.setColor(doorColor);stroke = new BasicStroke(9);g2d.setStroke(stroke);g2d.drawRoundRect(getWidth()*4/20,85,getWidth()*3/5,95,20,20);// 带有圆角的矩形stroke = new BasicStroke(5);g2d.setStroke(stroke);g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);g2d.drawRoundRect(getWidth()*4/20,86,getWidth()*3/5,95,20,20);g2d.fillRect(0,175,getWidth(),5);6）射门区绘制思路&代码
射门区用swing代码进行实现，绘制的思路如下：绘制两种不同颜色的扇形；叠加两个扇形；配上文字。
参考实现代码：
// 蓄力区g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);g2d.fillArc((getWidth()-64)/2-80,460,224,160,0,180);g2d.setColor(Color.ORANGE);g2d.fillArc((getWidth()-64)/2-80,460,224,160,0,arc);// 文字Font font = new Font("阿里巴巴普惠体 Medium",1,24);g2d.setFont(font);g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);g2d.drawString("Ctrl + 鼠标：移动球",30,400);g2d.drawString("拖动鼠标：调整角度",50,440);g2d.drawString("点击鼠标：射门",50,480);7）计分区绘制思路&代码
计分区用swing代码进行实现，绘制的思路如下：绘制两种不同颜色的矩形；用两种不同颜色的矩形铺满整个屏幕；调整矩形的高度是从上下一次递增，呈现立体视觉。
参考实现代码：
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g;g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);g.setColor(bgColor1);g.fillRect(0,0,getWidth(),getHeight());g.setColor(bgColor2);g.fillRect(0,8,getWidth(),getHeight()-8);Font font = new Font("阿里巴巴普惠体 Medium",1,32);g.setFont(font);g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK);g2d.drawString("分数",30,45);g2d.drawString("TIME",250,45);g2d.drawString("次数",540,45);g2d.setColor(textColor);g2d.fillRoundRect(100,20,80,30,25,25);g2d.fillRoundRect(335,20,120,30,25,25);g2d.fillRoundRect(620,20,80,30,25,25);g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE);g2d.drawString(String.format("%02d",score),120,47);g2d.drawString(String.format("%02d:%02d",time/60,time%60),345,47);g2d.drawString(String.format("%02d",count),638,47);8）守门员&球绘制思路&代码
守门员、球绘与石头这里涉及比较多复杂细节，利用图片代替代码绘制，实现的思路如下：加载图片；把图片摆放到对应位置。
编写通过图片导入实现绘制球的代码：
// 球public class Ball extends JLabel{int startX = 0 ;int startY = 0;public Ball(){this.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(64,64));this.setIcon(new ImageIcon(ResourcesUtil.getRootPath()+"\\ball\\football.png"));// 加载图片 }}// 守门员public Goalkeeper(BackgroundPanel backgroundPanel){ this.backgroundPanel = backgroundPanel; this.setBounds(backgroundPanel.getWidth()/2,100,78,128); this.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(78,128)); this.setIcon(new ImageIcon(ResourcesUtil.getRootPath()+"\\ball\\smy.png"));}编写通过图片导入实现绘制石头的代码：
// 石头public class Shitou extends JLabel implements Obstacle { BackgroundPanel backgroundPanel; public Shitou(BackgroundPanel backgroundPanel){ this.backgroundPanel = backgroundPanel; this.setBounds(backgroundPanel.getWidth()/2+50,100,316,100);//设置图片放置的位置 this.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(316,100)); this.setIcon(new ImageIcon(ResourcesUtil.getRootPath()+"\\ball\\st.png")); } @Override public String name() { return "石头"; }
@Override public JComponent getComponent() { return this; } public void start(){ }
public void stop(){ }}如何实现游戏逻辑
轨迹实现的思路如下：假设有两点，黄色点为足球的中心点，红色点是球门的中心点；在黄点和红点之间就存在一条红色线段；在红色线段上随机取N个点，用白色表示，这样就形成了一个直线的轨迹点。
接着再说一下拖动鼠标，轨迹跟着鼠标移动的实现思路：鼠标向上拖动，黄点和红点同步向上平移，这样线段上的轨迹点也同步平移；鼠标向下拖动，黄点和红点同步向下平移，这样线段上的轨迹点也同步平移；鼠标向右拖动，黄点和红点同步向右平移，这样线段上的轨迹点也同步平移；鼠标向左拖动，黄点和红点同步向左平移，这样线段上的轨迹点也同步平移。
注意，黄点和红点之间如果是曲线，效果更贴近自然，所以最后还需要把黄点和红点之间使用二次曲线进行实现。
记录起始点与终点：
// 记录红黄点 public void reDraw(Ball ball,BackgroundPanel backgroundPanel,int stepX,int stepY,boolean isControlDown){ // 开始点——黄点 startY = ball.getY()+ball.getHeight()/2; startX = ball.getX()+ball.getWidth()/2; // 结束点——红点 endX = getWidth()/2+stepX/3; endY = 0; }// 画出轨迹线public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g; g2d.setColor(Color.RED); g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON); // 二次曲线 QuadCurve2D quadCurve2D = new QuadCurve2D.Double(startX,startY, startX+stepX,endY+stepY+50, endX, endY+stepY); // 通过二次曲线，随机生成线上的几个点 PathIterator pi = quadCurve2D.getPathIterator(g2d.getTransform(),6);// 从二次曲线中取出特征点 points = new ArrayList<>(25); while (!pi.isDone()) { double[] coords = new double[6]; switch (pi.currentSegment(coords)) { case PathIterator.SEG_MOVETO: case PathIterator.SEG_LINETO: points.add(new Point2D.Double(coords[0], coords[1])); break; } pi.next(); } // 在每个点 画上小白圆圈 g2d.setColor(Color.WHITE); Point2D.Double point = null; for (Point2D.Double temp : points) { point = temp; g2d.fillOval((int) point.x, (int) point.y,10,10);//在每个特征点上画一个小圆圈 }}
ball.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseAdapter() {public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e){// 记录拖动最后的坐标点，用于记录拖动平移的差量int stepX = e.getX();int stepY = e.getY(); line.reDraw(ball,BackgroundPanel.this,stepX,stepY,e.isControlDown()); repaint(); }});2）拖动球，摆放球的逻辑实现
public void reDraw(Ball ball,BackgroundPanel backgroundPanel,int stepX,int stepY,boolean isControlDown){// 移动最后的位置点this.stepX = stepX;this.stepY = stepY;// 按下Ctrl键拖动才是，摆放if(isControlDown) {this.setVisible(false); ball.setBounds(ball.getX() + stepX, ball.getY(), ball.getWidth(), ball.getHeight()); }}3）射门，球按照轨迹飞行实现
参考实现代码：
// 监听点击球ball.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {@Overridepublic void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {// 用一个线程让球按照瞄准轨迹飞行new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {int star =0;// 获取到轨迹线上的轨迹点for (Point2D.Double point : line.getPoints()) {// 把球移动到轨迹点上 ball.setBounds((int) point.x, (int) point.y,ball.getWidth(),ball.getHeight());try {// 休眠100毫秒 Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } }).start(); }});4）消除轨迹点重合的星星逻辑实现
参考实现代码：
ball.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {@Overridepublic void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {int star =0;for (Point2D.Double point : line.getPoints()) { ball.setBounds((int) point.x, (int) point.y,ball.getWidth(),ball.getHeight());try {// 球在飞行过程中，没移动一个点，需要检查一下是否有星星需要消除 star += obstacleStart(); Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } check(star); } }).start(); CLICK_CLIP.play(); }});public int obstacleStart(){ Rectangle ballBounds = ball.getBounds();int tempX[] = {ballBounds.x,ballBounds.x+ballBounds.width,ballBounds.x,ballBounds.x+ballBounds.width};int tempY[] = {ballBounds.y,ballBounds.y,ballBounds.y+ballBounds.height,ballBounds.y+ballBounds.height};int count = 0;// 获取所有的星星，进行循环检查for (Component component : this.getComponents()) {if(component instanceof Star){ Star obstacle = (Star)component; Rectangle goalkeeperBounds = obstacle.getBounds();int minX = goalkeeperBounds.x;int maxX = goalkeeperBounds.x+goalkeeperBounds.width;int minY = goalkeeperBounds.y;int maxY = goalkeeperBounds.y+goalkeeperBounds.height; miukoo:for (int i = 0; i < tempY.length; i++) {// 如何球的4个点，在星星的区域内，则命中if(tempX[i]>minX&&tempX[i]<maxX&&tempY[i]>minY&&tempY[i]<maxY){ System.out.println("================命中星星"); count++; STAR_CLIP.play();this.remove(obstacle);// 消除星星，自己删除即可break miukoo; } } } }return count;}5）守门员来回移动的逻辑实现
public void move() {try { Rectangle bounds = this.getBounds();double width = bounds.getX();if (isAdd) {// 向右 width += 30;if (width < backgroundPanel.getWidth() * 4 / 5) { backgroundPanel.repaint();this.setBounds((int) width, bounds.y, bounds.width, bounds.height); Thread.sleep(100); } else { isAdd = false; } } else {// 向左 width -= 30;if (width > backgroundPanel.getWidth() * 1 / 5) { backgroundPanel.repaint();this.setBounds((int) width, bounds.y, bounds.width, bounds.height); Thread.sleep(100); } else { isAdd = true; } } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); }}
@Overridepublic void run() {while (true&&!Thread.interrupted()){ move(); }}6）石头的逻辑实现
参考代码：
public class Shitou extends JLabel implements Obstacle { BackgroundPanel backgroundPanel;public Shitou(BackgroundPanel backgroundPanel){this.backgroundPanel = backgroundPanel;this.setBounds(backgroundPanel.getWidth()/2+50,100,316,100);//设置图片放置的位置this.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(316,100));this.setIcon(new ImageIcon(ResourcesUtil.getRootPath()+"\\ball\\st.png")); }
@Overridepublic String name() {return "石头"; }
@Overridepublic JComponent getComponent() {return this; }
public void start(){ }
public void stop(){ }
}7）进球逻辑实现
ball.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {@Overridepublic void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { infoPanel.addCount();new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {int star =0;for (Point2D.Double point : line.getPoints()) { ball.setBounds((int) point.x, (int) point.y,ball.getWidth(),ball.getHeight());try { star += obstacleStart(); Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } }// 轨迹点移动完成后，开始检查球是否进球 check(star); } }).start(); }});检查守门员与球的位置关系：
public void check(int star){//停止所有的线程，以便获取守门员最后的位置，与球判重 stop(); Rectangle ballBounds = ball.getBounds();// 检查是否被石头还有守门员 boolean isLan = obstacle();int x = ballBounds.x;int y = ballBounds.y; boolean isOut = false;if(!isLan) {// 判断是否出界if (x < getWidth() / 5 || x > getWidth() * 4 / 5 || y < 85) { isOut = true; FAIL_CLIP.play(); repaint(); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "球出界了...", "Tipe", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); } }if(!isLan&&!isOut){// 没有被守住，也没有出界，则进球啦~~~if(result!=null){this.remove(result); } infoPanel.addScore(star); System.out.println("===========赢了，开始显示祝贺彩带和播放音乐"); result = new Result(); result.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(230,187)); result.setBounds((getWidth()-230)/2,(getHeight()-187)/2,230,187);this.add(result);this.repaint(); WIN_CLIP.play();// 进球后，休眠5秒，然后自动复位球try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } WIN_CLIP.stop();this.remove(result); }else{ FAIL_CLIP.stop(); } line.setVisible(false); ball.setBounds((getWidth()-64)/2,470,64,64);// 重新开启线程，让守门员再次动起来 start();}检查球与障碍物的位置关系：
public boolean obstacle(){ Rectangle ballBounds = ball.getBounds();int tempX[] = {ballBounds.x,ballBounds.x+ballBounds.width,ballBounds.x,ballBounds.x+ballBounds.width};int tempY[] = {ballBounds.y,ballBounds.y,ballBounds.y+ballBounds.height,ballBounds.y+ballBounds.height};for (Component component : this.getComponents()) {if(component instanceof Obstacle){// 守门员和石头都抽象成障碍物，判断球是否与障碍物重合 Obstacle obstacle = (Obstacle)component; Rectangle goalkeeperBounds = obstacle.getComponent().getBounds();int minX = goalkeeperBounds.x;int maxX = goalkeeperBounds.x+goalkeeperBounds.width;int minY = goalkeeperBounds.y;int maxY = goalkeeperBounds.y+goalkeeperBounds.height;boolean isLan = false;for (int i = 0; i < tempY.length; i++) {if(tempX[i]>minX&&tempX[i]<maxX&&tempY[i]>minY&&tempY[i]<maxY){ isLan = true; FAIL_CLIP.play(); repaint(); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"球被"+obstacle.name()+"守住了...","Tipe",JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);return true; } } } }return false;}8）记时逻辑实现
参考代码：
long time = 0;
@Overridepublic void run() {while (true){try { Thread.sleep(1000); time++; } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } repaint();// 刷新线程时间// 显示时间时把time转成对应格式，g2d.drawString(String.format("%02d:%02d",time/60,time%60),345,47); }}9）进球积分逻辑实现
相关实现逻辑思路如下：在球飞行过程中进来消除星星的数量；在进球时，把星星的数量当作分数累计。
在监听球移动的过程，判断其位置是否与星星重合：
ball.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {@Overridepublic void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { infoPanel.addCount();new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {// 记录飞行过程中消除星星的数量int star =0;for (Point2D.Double point : line.getPoints()) { ball.setBounds((int) point.x, (int) point.y,ball.getWidth(),ball.getHeight());try {// 计算星星是否被消除，如果是则累计 star += obstacleStart(); Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } }// 把消除星星作为分数，传递给计分区 check(star); } }).start(); CLICK_CLIP.play(); }});// 检查是否进球public void check(int star){ ........if(!isLan&&!isOut){// 进球了if(result!=null){this.remove(result); }// 增加计分区的数字，有多少星星则记多少 infoPanel.addScore(star); ........}