十九大报告学习｜如何翻译接地气的成语与俗语呢？

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原创 2017-10-27 翻吧君 翻吧

中共十九大报告仍然贯彻了语言朴实，接地气的风格，没有太多的华丽词藻，也没有动不动“掉书袋”的引经据典，更多地是一些耳熟能详的成语及俗语。

翻吧君从十九大的报告中摘录了一些成语和俗语，发现英文翻译对于它们的处理各有不同。总体上来说，以直译为主，兼有意译，但都与整个上下文结合得非常紧密，不显突兀。

一、修饰语

在中文的成语和俗语中，有一些是用作修饰语的，强调所修饰词语的程度或特征。在这种情况下，并不需要直译，意译为佳。

在下面三个例子中，“永不懈怠”、“一往无前”、“艰苦卓绝”三个成语都是起到了修饰后面的名词的作用，强调一种极高的程度。

以永不懈怠的精神状态和一往无前的奋斗姿态，继续朝着实现中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟目标奋勇前进。
We must keep on striving with endless energy toward the great goal of national rejuvenation.

中国共产党……团结带领人民进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争，谱写了气吞山河的壮丽史诗。
the Party has united the Chinese people and led them through arduous struggles to epic accomplishments.

下面两个例子中的“宽松软”和“贪图享受、消极懈怠、回避矛盾”则是所修饰的词语的状态。

全面加强党的领导和党的建设，坚决改变管党治党宽松软状况。
We have made sweeping efforts to strengthen Party leadership and Party building, and taken strong action to transform lax and weak governance over the Party.

任何贪图享受、消极懈怠、回避矛盾的思想和行为都是错误的。
All thinking and behavior in the vein of pleasure seeking, inaction and sloth, and problem avoidance are unacceptable.

下面这个句子里的“海晏河清、朗朗乾坤”也是同样的作用，“朗朗乾坤”融入到整个句子里，用了clean and free of corruption来与our political environment呼应。

强化不敢腐的震慑，扎牢不能腐的笼子，增强不想腐的自觉，通过不懈努力换来海晏河清、朗朗乾坤。
We will strengthen deterrence so officials daren't be corrupt, strengthen the cage of institutions so they're unable to be corrupt, and strengthen their vigilance so that they have no desire to commit corruption. Our political environment will, through tireless efforts, like seas fallen calm and rivers running clear, be clean and free of corruption.

不过英文则用了一个比喻句来表达“海晏河清”，而like seas fallen calm and rivers running clear。翻吧君个人觉得英文如此表达有点突兀和生硬，与整个句子的语义整合度不是很高。

"蹄疾步稳"的意思就是"疾"和"稳"，同时修饰“推进”动词，于是英文里用了quickly but steadily则生动的反映出了这个词的内涵。

蹄疾步稳推进全面深化改革，坚决破除各方面体制机制弊端。
We have taken comprehensive steps to deepen reform quickly but steadily, and worked with resolve to remove institutional barriers in all areas.

更加自觉地投身改革创新时代潮流，坚决破除一切顽瘴痼疾；
We must do more to devote our energies to the contemporary current of reform and innovation, and resolvedly address deep-rooted problems.

二、动宾结构

有一些俗词和成语本身是动宾结构，同时并列出现，增强了语句的气势，起到了鼓动势气性的作用。

下句中的这几个四字成语或俗语，自身是动宾结构，形式并列，意思递进。在英文版里，则也是相应的用动宾结构，并列而成。

全党同志一定要登高望远、居安思危，勇于变革、勇于创新，永不僵化、永不停滞。
All comrades must aim high and look far, be alert to dangers even in times of calm, have the courage to pursue reform and break new ground, and never become hardened to change or inactive.

不过，这个多个谓语动词并列而成的句子，在英文中并不是很多见。建议拆分成两句或更多。

激励人们向上向善、孝老爱亲，忠于祖国、忠于人民。
We will encourage our people to strive for excellence and to develop stronger virtues, respect the elderly, love families, and be loyal to the country and the people.

这个新时代……是全体中华儿女勠力同心、奋力实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的时代，
This new era...will be an era for all of us, the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, to strive with one heart to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.

全党要……勇于直面问题，敢于刮骨疗毒，消除一切损害党的先进性和纯洁性的因素，清除一切侵蚀党的健康肌体的病毒，
We must have the courage to face problems squarely, be braced for the pain, act to remove whatever undermines the Party's purity and advanced nature, and rid ourselves of any virus that erodes the Party's health.

三、主谓结构

在有主谓结构特点的成语里，如果只是直译的话，会让英文的句子结构显得很破碎。如果将其所隐含的逻辑主语与整个句子的主语结合起来，则能很好的在意与形方面结合。

以下这个句子里的“山河破碎、民不聊生”中，将主语皆指向“中国人民”，即the people were raveged..., saw... and lived in...。

鸦片战争后，中国陷入内忧外患的黑暗境地，中国人民经历了战乱频仍、山河破碎、民不聊生的深重苦难。

But with the Opium War of 1840, China was plunged into the darkness of domestic turmoil and foreign aggression; its people were ravaged by wars, saw their homeland torn, and lived in poverty and despair.

四、名词

在中文有的一些四字名词，通常能在英文中找到对等的单词或是词组。

要高举爱国主义、社会主义旗帜，牢牢把握大团结大联合的主题，坚持一致性和多样性统一，找到最大公约数，画出最大同心圆。
We must uphold the banner of patriotism and socialism, strive to achieve great unity and solidarity, balance commonality and diversity, and expand common ground and the convergence of interests.

弘扬忠诚老实、公道正派、实事求是、清正廉洁等价值观，坚决防止和反对个人主义、分散主义、自由主义、本位主义、好人主义，坚决防止和反对宗派主义、圈子文化、码头文化，坚决反对搞两面派、做两面人。
We must foster values like loyalty, honesty, impartiality, a realistic approach, and integrity; guard against and oppose self-centered behavior, decentralism, behavior in disregard of the rules, a silo mentality, unprincipled nice-guy ism, and sectarianism, factionalism, and patronage. We must resolutely oppose double-dealing and duplicity.