中国加入GVC对伙伴国技术进步的影响：中国竞争还是中国红利

中国加入GVC对伙伴国技术进步的影响：中国竞争还是中国红利

The Impact of GVC Accession on Technological Progress of Partner Countries: China Competition or China Dividend

《财经研究》2023年49卷第7期 页码：108 - 122 online：2023年7月3日

作者

中：陈启斐 , 杨继军 , 叶迪

英：Chen Qifei, Yang Jijun, Ye Di

作者单位：南京财经大学 国际经贸学院，江苏 南京 210023

摘要及关键词

摘要：中国进出口贸易对于全球技术进步的贡献没有得到应有的重视。为此，文章基于附加值贸易理论核算中国和52个贸易伙伴国18个细分行业的附加值贸易额，剖析中国加入GVC对伙伴国技术进步的影响。研究发现：第一，虽然中国出口贸易会通过竞争效应降低伙伴国的TFP，但是也会通过规模效应促进伙伴国的TFP，且整体上中国加入GVC会促进伙伴国技术进步，具有显著的技术红利效应。第二，从出口视角看，中国出口的溢出效应会弥补竞争效应对伙伴国技术进步的抑制作用；从进口视角看，中国进口的创新效应会强化规模效应对伙伴国技术进步的促进作用。考虑创新因素之后，中国红利得到进一步强化。第三，随着地理距离的增加，中国进口商品贸易对伙伴国技术进步的促进作用逐步衰减，但服务贸易会突破地理因素限制，中国进口服务贸易对伙伴国技术进步的促进作用不会随距离的增加而减弱。中国加入GVC之后形成的“中国红利”，是促进伙伴国技术进步的重要因素，中国的进口贸易有助于发达国家提高创新能力，实现长期技术进步。

关键词：全球价值链；中国红利；附加值贸易；技术溢出；联合创新

Summary: With the sharp increase of China’s trade surplus, some scholars began to blame “China competition” for the economic imbalance and social problems of some developed countries after China’s accession to GVC, putting the normal economic and trade relationship between China and the United States in an extremely dangerous situation. The “HO” theory emphasizes that a division of labor system based on the comparative advantage will improve the welfare level of both trading parties. Although workers in labor-intensive industries in developed countries will suffer some damage, as long as the government does a good job in training unemployed workers and guiding them to sectors with comparative advantages, the employment problem can be gradually resolved. In reality, the benefit class in developed countries does not transfer excess profits, which leads to employment polarization and huge social problems. The existing research pays little attention to the impact of China’s accession to GVC on the technological progress of partner countries in the academic community, but mainly focuses on the employment effect of “China competition”, with more emphasis on the negative effect of China’s accession to GVC. In order to clear up the root cause, this paper analyzes the impact of China’s accession to GVC on the technological progress of partner countries from the perspective of growth, and provides a theoretical basis for GVC governance and deep integration of the global economy. Based on the value-added trade theory, this paper calculates the value-added trade volume of 18 sub-sectors of China and 52 trading partner countries, and analyzes the impact of China’s accession to GVC on the technological progress of partner countries. The study finds that: First, although China’s export trade will reduce its partner country’s TFP (competition effect), its import trade will strongly promote its partner country’s TFP (scale effect). This means that China’s accession to GVC will promote the technological progress of partner countries, with a significant technological dividend effect. Second, from the export perspective, the spillover effect of China’s exports will compensate for the inhibition of the competition effect on the technological progress of partner countries; from the import perspective, the innovation effect of China’s imports will strengthen the role of scale effect in promoting the technological progress of partner countries. After considering innovation factors, “China dividend” has been further strengthened. Third, with the increase of geographical distance, the role of China’s import trade in goods in promoting the technological progress of partner countries will gradually decline, but the service trade will break through the geographical constraint, and the role of China’s import trade in services in promoting the technological progress of partner countries will not decline with the increase of distance. The “China dividend” formed after China’s accession to GVC is an important factor to promote the technological progress of partner countries. China’s import trade helps developed countries improve their innovation capability and achieve long-term technological progress.

Key words: GVC; China dividend; value-added trade; technology spillover; joint innovation

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20221118.201

收稿日期：2022-07-21

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（72173062,71973059,71903084）；教育部基金项目（21YJC790014）；江苏省社科基金项目（21EYC004）；江苏高校哲社项目（2021SJA0263）；国家社科基金重大项目（21ZDA095）

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