自由贸易协定能否降低国际不平等交换——基于中国的实证研究
自由贸易协定能否降低国际不平等交换——基于中国的实证研究
Can Free Trade Agreements Alleviate International Unequal Exchange: Based on China’s Empirical Research
《财经研究》2023年49卷第10期 页码：19 - 33 online：2023年10月3日
作者
中：黄亮雄1 , 路超1 , 韩永辉2 , 雷亚星1
英：Huang Liangxiong1, Lu Chao1, Han Yonghui2, Lei Yaxing1
作者单位：1. 华南理工大学 经济与金融学院，广东 广州 510006; 2. 广东外语外贸大学 广东国际战略研究院，广东 广州 510420
摘要及关键词
摘要：自由贸易协定建设是中国扩大对外开放，深化与世界互动的重要举措。文章选取2000—2018年全球134个国家和地区的面板数据，基于马克思国际价值理论构建各国（地区）与中国的国际不平等交换程度指数，继而检验与中国签署自由贸易协定对国际不平等交换的影响效应。结果表明，与中国签署自由贸易协定能显著降低其与中国之间的国际不平等交换程度，即相比于没有与中国签署自由贸易协定的国家（地区），与中国签署自由贸易协定的国家（地区）和中国之间的国际不平等交换程度减少了23.07%，此效应主要体现在单位价值商品所包含劳动时间低于中国的国家（地区）上。究其机制，该效应源于与中国签署自由贸易协定能够显著提高该国（地区）与中国的贸易规模，减少该国（地区）与中国进出口商品种类的差异。进一步将上述效应与美国、日本、巴西、俄罗斯进行对比后发现，自由贸易协定对国际不平等交换程度的缓解效应并不具有普遍性，因国家（地区）而异，与中国签署自由贸易协定的缓解效应大于其他四个国家。文章的研究结论有效地反驳了“中国威胁论”“中国新殖民主义论”等观点。
关键词：自由贸易协定；国际不平等交换；国际价值论；国际对比
Summary: As the world is undergoing the greatest changes in a century, China needs to work with other countries to explore a broader space for cooperation and deepen cooperation with each other. To this end, China actively promotes the construction of free trade agreements. However, the so-called “China Threat Theory” and “China’s Neo-colonialism Theory” have been widely heard. Based on Marx’s international axiology, this paper selects the panel data of 134 countries or regions in the world from 2000 to 2018 and builds an index of international unequal exchange between countries and China, to test the impact of signing free trade agreements with China on international unequal exchange. Then, compared with the United States, Japan, Brazil and Russia, this paper refutes the above-mentioned adverse remarks against China. The results show that the signing of free trade agreements with China significantly reduces the degree of international unequal exchange with China. Specifically, compared to countries or regions that have not signed free trade agreements with China, the index of international unequal exchange between countries or regions that have signed free trade agreements with China has decreased by 23.07%. This effect is mainly reflected in countries that have less labor time per unit value commodity than China. The result is still robust after changing the measurement method of core variables, adopting weak endogenous samples, and conducting the parallel trend test and placebo test. In terms of the mechanism, this effect is due to the fact that signing free trade agreements with China can significantly improve the trade scale between the country and China, and reduce the difference in the types of import and export goods between the country and China. Further, this paper compares the effect of China with that of the United States, Japan, Brazil and Russia, and finds that the effect of free trade agreements on alleviating the degree of international unequal exchange is not universal and varies from country to country. The effect of signing free trade agreements with China on alleviating the degree of international unequal exchange is greater than that of other four countries. The findings of this paper effectively refute the viewpoints of “China Threat Theory” and “China’s Neo-colonialism Theory”. Therefore, in the context of opening to the outside world and deepening international cooperation in the future, China needs to do the following aspects:（1）Strengthen the communication with other countries in concept and cognition, and actively transmit the Chinese voice to the world.（2）Actively explore win-win cooperation schemes and promote the construction of high-level free trade agreements.（3）Strengthen technical cooperation and promote coordinated development with trading partners.
Key words:free trade agreements; international unequal exchange; international axiology; international comparison
其他信息
DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20220716.202
收稿日期：2022-01-03
基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（72073047，72073037）；国家社会科学基金重大项目（21&ZD074）；广东省自然科学基金杰出青年项目（2022B1515020008）；广州市哲学社会科学规划项目（2021GZYB01）；中央高校基本科研业务费重点项目 （QNZD202304）
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