社会网络有助于降低过度教育概率吗？——基于中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）的数据分析

社会网络有助于降低过度教育概率吗？——基于中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）的数据分析

Will Social Networks Help to Reduce the Probability of Overeducation? Data analysis Based on CFPS

《财经研究》2023年49卷第10期 页码：139 - 153 online：2023年10月3日

作者

中：汪鲸1 , 罗楚亮2

英：Wang Jing1, Luo Chuliang2

作者单位：1. 浙江水利水电学院 经济与管理学院, 浙江 杭州 310018; 2. 中国人民大学 劳动人事学院, 北京 100872

摘要及关键词

摘要：我国人口老龄化的加速带来劳动年龄人口持续减少，就业者与岗位匹配的结构性问题更加突出。就业匹配质量低意味着个人和社会的人力资本不能被充分利用，会给个人和社会带来生产力损失。提升就业匹配质量是缓解我国劳动力市场结构性矛盾，提高就业质量的重要途径，社会网络是劳动者求职过程中的重要资源。文章首先通过理论模型分析社会网络对就业匹配质量的影响机制，然后使用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2018年数据对农村背景人群进行实证研究，发现社会网络有助于降低过度教育概率，提高人力资本配置效率，这一结论在以是否有家谱或族谱和春节期间来拜访的亲友家数作为工具变量的估计结果中仍然稳健。机制分析表明，社会网络主要通过信息传递和提升人际信任度作用于就业匹配质量。文章认为，减少职业搜寻过程中的信息不对称，降低搜寻摩擦对于提高就业匹配质量和缓解结构性矛盾都具有重要作用。

关键词：就业匹配质量；社会网络；过度教育

Summary: The acceleration of population aging in China has led to a continuous decrease in the working-age population, and the structural problem of matching employment with job positions has become more prominent. The low quality of employment matching means that the human capital of individuals and society cannot be fully utilized, which will lead to losses of productivity. One reason for this is the existence of search frictions in the process of job hunting. Due to the information asymmetry between labor supply and demand sides, job seekers may fail to find positions that match them. Under the current labor market conditions of segmentation and imperfect competition, social networks play an important role in the process of job search, except through market channels such as recruitment information and intermediaries. This paper mainly focuses on how social networks can affect employment matching quality by reducing job search frictions. Based on the theoretical model, this paper analyzes the impact mechanism of social networks on employment matching quality. It is found that the information transmission, interpersonal trust enhancement and financial facilitation functions of social networks can help to reduce search frictions and improve employment matching quality. Then, this paper conducts empirical research on rural populations in 2018 using the data from CFPS, and measures employment matching quality using the indicator of overeducation. It is found that social networks can help to reduce the probability of overeducation and improve the efficiency of human capital allocation. This conclusion is robust to the estimation results using whether there is a family tree or genealogy, and the number of relatives and friends visited during the Spring Festival as instrumental variables. Finally, mechanism analysis shows that social networks mainly affect employment matching quality through information transmission and interpersonal trust enhancement. The conclusions of this paper reveal that social networks have a significant impact on employment matching quality in China’s labor market. The heterogeneity of social networks among different groups will lead to inequality in employment matching quality. Based on the results of mechanism analysis, this paper proposes the following policy recommendations to improve employment matching quality and reduce inequality: First, improve the public service system for employment and popularize human resource services in the labor market. Second, provide skill training for job seekers to improve their job-searching abilities, especially fresh graduates and unemployed groups. Third, provide allowance for job seekers with financial difficulties in job search.

Key words:employment matching quality; social networks; overeducation

其他信息

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20230517.303

收稿日期：2022-12-28

基金项目：国家自然科学基金面上项目（71973015）；国家社科基金重大项目（21ZDA098）

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