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一线运维 DBA 五年经验常用 SQL 大全（二）
作者 | JiekeXu
来源 | JiekeXu之路（ID: JiekeXu_IT）
转载请联系授权 | (微信ID：JiekeXu_DBA)
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本文 SQL 及相关命令均是在运维工作中总结整理而成的，对于运维 DBA 来说可提高很大的工作效率，值得收藏。当然如果你全部能够背下来那就很牛逼了，如果不能，还是建议收藏下来慢慢看，每条 SQL 的使用频率都很高，肯定能够帮助到你。
当然，由于本编辑器原因以下 SQL 可能出现格式错误不能执行，导致出错，这里将其保存至文本文件中方便复制粘贴执行，如有需要的小伙伴们在本公众号后台回复【SQL大全二】 即可获取，这里也有 2020 年的精华文章汇总，如有需要可点击此处查看【精华文章】。
1、查看数据文件信息：
col file_name for a55select tablespace_name,file_name,bytes/1024/1024/1024 gb,AUTOEXTENSIBLE from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='AM_DATA';alter tablespace AM_DATA add datafile '+DATA' size 30G;2、查看 ASM 磁盘组信息：
su - grid sqlplus / as sysasmselect group_number,name,total_mb/1024 total_gb,free_mb/1024 free_gb,TYPE from v$asm_diskgroup;---调整ASM磁盘均衡级别ALTER DISKGROUP DATA REBALANCE POWER 10; ---查看ASM磁盘均衡时间：select * from v$asm_operation;3、查看 ASM 磁盘组磁盘的信息
set lin 1000 pagesize 999col PATH for a33col NAME for a15col FAILGROUP for a15select GROUP_NUMBER,DISK_NUMBER,TOTAL_MB/1024,FREE_MB/1024,NAME,FAILGROUP,PATH,FAILGROUP_TYPE from v$asm_disk where GROUP_NUMBER='1';4、查看表空间大小：
SELECT a.tablespace_name,round(total/1024/1024/1024) "Total g",round(free/1024/1024/1024) "Free g",ROUND((total-free)/total,4)*100 "USED%"FROM (SELECT tablespace_name,SUM(bytes) free FROMDBA_FREE_SPACEGROUP BY tablespace_name ) a,(SELECT tablespace_name,SUM(bytes) total FROM DBA_DATA_FILESGROUP BY tablespace_name) bWHERE a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_nameORDER BY 4;5、查某个表空间内的前五个大表
col TABLE_NAME for a30set pagesize 200set linesize 200col TABLE_NAME for a30set linesize 200select * from (select TABLESPACE_NAME,OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME "TABLE_NAME",to_number(decode(substr(BYTES/1024/1024,1,1),'.','0'||BYTES/1024/1024,BYTES/1024/1024)) total_MBfrom dba_segments where TABLESPACE_NAME ='&tablespacename' and SEGMENT_TYPE='TABLE' order by total_MB desc ) where rownum<=5;
SELECT * FROM (SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME, SUM(BYTES) / 1024 / 1024 MB FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME = 'SYSTEM' GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME,OWNER ORDER BY 3 DESC) WHERE ROWNUM <=5;OWNER SEGMENT_NAME MB------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------SYS XX_RECNAME_RB_IX 11136SYS XXXXX_ORIGINNOTE_IX 9152SYS XXXXX_ABSTRACT_IX 6388SYS XXX_PAYDATE_NU_NC 5490
SELECT OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME ,segment_type FROM DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE segment_name in ('PAYMENTS_RECNAME_RB_IX','XXXXX_ORIGINNOTE_IX','XXXXX_ABSTRACT_IX','XXX_PAYDATE_NU_NC');
OWNER SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------SYS XXX_PAYDATE_NU_NC INDEXSYS XXXXX_ORIGINNOTE_IX INDEXSYS XXXXX_ABSTRACT_IX INDEXSYS XXXMENTS_RECNAME_RB_IX INDEX6、查看 shared_pool 的大小
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 from v$sgastat where pool='shared pool';--查看空闲的：select * from v$sgastat where name = 'free memory' and pool = 'shared pool';--统计活动的undoselect sum(bytes /(1024*1024*1024)) from dba_undo_extents where status='ACTIVE';7、查看占用内存 100k 的 sql 语句：
select sql_text ,sharable_mem from v$sql where sharable_mem > '100000' order by sharable_mem;8、查看字符集
select userenv('language') from dual;select * from nls_database_parameters;9、Oracle 查询 temp 表空间的名字和位置
select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_temp_files;col FILE_NAME for a55select TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME,BYTES/1024/1024/1024 total_gb,USER_BYTES/1021/1024/1024 gb from dba_temp_files;
create temporary tablespace temp1 tempfile '/rhzxdata/tempdata/pbc/temp01.dbf' size 20G autoextend on maxsize 30G
Oracle查询 temp 表空间的使用率select tablespace_name,round(free_space/1024/1024/1024,2) "free(GB)",round(tablespace_size/1024/1024/1024,2) "total(GB)",round(nvl(free_space,0)*100/tablespace_size,3) "Free percent"from dba_temp_free_space;
注意：Primary 端涉及到的临时表空间创建维护、临时文件创建的操作是不会传导到 standby 端的。10、查看数据库版本
set line 150 col ACTION_TIME for a30 col ACTION for a8 col NAMESPACE for a8 col VERSION for a10 col BUNDLE_SERIES for a5 col COMMENTS for a20 select * from dba_registry_history; ======================================================
本文 SQL 命令由于微信编辑器原因可能出现格式错误不能执行，这里将其保存至文本文件中方便复制粘贴执行，如有需要的小伙伴们在本公众号【JiekeXu DBA之路】扫描最下方二维码后台回复 【SQL大全二】即可获取。
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11、查看补丁版本：
JIEKED2:/app/product/11.2.0/db/OPatch$opatch lsinventory12、查看锁表
SELECT l.session_id sid, s.serial#, l.locked_mode,l.oracle_username,l.os_user_name,s.machine, s.terminal, o.object_name, s.logon_timeFROM v$locked_object l, all_objects o, v$session sWHERE l.object_id = o.object_idAND l.session_id = s.sidORDER BY sid, s.serial# ;
查出锁定表的 session 的 sid, serial#,os_user_name, machine name, terminal 和执行的语句：
SELECT l.session_id sid, s.serial#, l.locked_mode, l.oracle_username, s.user#, l.os_user_name,s.machine, o.object_name,s.terminal,a.sql_text, a.action FROM v$sqlarea a,v$session s, v$locked_object l,all_objects o WHERE l.session_id = s.sid AND s.prev_sql_addr = a.address ORDER BY sid, s.serial#;13、查看视图对应的表：select * from dba_dependencies where NAME='视图名' and TYPE='VIEW';14、杀会话命令
alter system kill session 'sid,serial#';15、查看表大小
select TABLESPACE_NAME,OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME,sum(BYTES)/1024/1024 total_mb from dba_segments where TABLESPACE_NAME='NEWCAR02' group by TABLESPACE_NAME,OWNER,SEGMENT_NAME;16、查看 GI 兼容版本
select name,compatibility,database_compatibility from v$asm_diskgroup;17、查看aix操作系统的资源情况
prtconf|morelparstat -iortconfAIX 磁盘扫描命令root 执行cfgmgr -v
--查看那个进程占用磁盘空间fuser -dV /app
AIX 查看错误日志并输出到 messagesJIekeXuY1:/#errpt -dHIDENTIFIER TIMESTAMP T C RESOURCE_NAME DESCRIPTIONDE3B8540 1012214419 P H hdisk18 PATH HAS FAILED4B436A3D 1012214119 T H fscsi0 LINK ERROR4B436A3D 1012214119 T H fscsi0 LINK ERROR4B436A3D 1012214119 T H fscsi0 LINK ERROR
/bin/errpt -a > messages.out
AIX查看LUNID信息lscfg -vpl hdisk187 输出结果里的 serial number就是存储要的lunid# lscfg -vpl hdisk11 hdisk11 U9080.MME.680A6E8-V7-C2-T1-W500507680C25ADBA-LB000000000000 MPIO FC 2145 Manufacturer................IBM Machine Type and Model......2145 ROS Level and ID............0000 Device Specific.(Z0)........0000063268181002 Device Specific.(Z1)........0203202 Serial Number...............600507680C808570080000000000042B PLATFORM SPECIFIC
Name: disk Node: disk Device Type: block --- 检查磁盘大小（单位M）bootinfo -s hdisk12--- 查看磁盘的详细信息lsattr -El hdisk12HP：machinfo（diskinfo /dev/rdisk/disk* 查看磁盘大小）WIN：msinfo32SUSE：cat /proc/cpuinfo （model name ）---查看资源使用情况：HP：glance/topAIX：nmon/topas
--AIX查看版本号oslevel JIEKEXuR2:/app/product/11.2.0/grid/network/log$oslevel6.1.0.0---查看内存大小：HP：/usr/contrib/bin/machinfo | grep -i MemoryAIX: /usr/sbin/lsattr -E -l sys0 -a realmem---查看swap分区：HP：/usr/sbin/swapinfo -aAIX：/usr/sbin/lsps -s18、用户相关操作
select USERNAME,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE,TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE from dba_users;create user agriproduct identified by product default tablespace users;grant conncet,resource,create view to product;--解锁用户set linesize 500col USERNAME for a15col ACCOUNT_STATUS for a15select USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,LOCK_DATE,EXPIRY_DATE,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from dba_users where USERNAME ='SQLMON';alter user SQLMON identified by "SQLMON" account unlock;alter user SQLMON account unlock;alter user SQLMON identified by "SQLMON";conn SQLMON/SQLMON#查看用户具有的权限1、查询用户有哪些角色：select * from dba_role_privs where grantee='&username';2、查询角色包含哪些权限：select * from role_sys_privs where role='&role';3、查询用户系统权限：select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='&username';select * from dba_tab_privs where grantee='&username';--创建 dblink 权限grant create database link to user ;grant create public database link to user ;
删除用户：drop user XXX cascade;解锁用户alter user muar_rb account unlock identified by &PASSWORD;
查看表空间下的用户select distinct s.owner from dba_segments s where s.tablespace_name ='&TBSNAME'19、查看数据量：
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 Gb from dba_segments;20、查看 REDOLOG 大小
select group#,members,bytes/1024/1024,status from v$log; 21、清理垃圾文件
cd &DIRfind ./ -ctime +3 |xargs rm查看大于1024M的文件find / -type f -size +1024M -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -nr22、AIX 操作系统下 ASM 磁盘相关操作
--- 检查磁盘大小（单位M）bootinfo -s hdisk0
--- 查看磁盘的详细信息lsattr -El hdisk0
JIEKEXu:/dev#lsattr -El /dev/hdisk322lsattr: 0514-519 The following device was not found in the customized device configuration database: /dev/hdisk322 JIEKEXu:/dev#su - grid JIEKEXu:/home/grid$kfed read /dev/rhdisk322 kfbh.endian: 0 ; 0x000: 0x00kfbh.hard: 130 ; 0x001: 0x82kfbh.type: 1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEADkfbh.datfmt: 1 ; 0x003: 0x01kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: blk=0kfbh.block.obj: 2147483953 ; 0x008: disk=305kfbh.check: 3956950460 ; 0x00c: 0xebda45bckfbh.fcn.base: 2632 ; 0x010: 0x00000a48kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
--- 检查权限 hdisk是块设备，而rhdisk是字符设备。ls -l /dev/hdisk*【排序查看ls -ltr /dev |grep rhdisk】
运行命令lsattr -E -a rw_timeout -F value -l Name，查看rw_timeout的值。JIEKEY1:/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM1/trace$lsattr -E -a rw_timeout -F value -l hdisk1660--- 检查PVIDlspv | grep hdiskn--- 检查保留策略lsattr -E -l hdisk5 | grep reserve_policy --- 查看磁盘是否为共享磁盘lsattr -El hdisk0 比对两个主机对应的磁盘号是否一致：unique_id--- 查看磁盘是否可用lspv看PVID是否为none，若为none则数据库可用，再查看数据库当前有没有使用，若没有则可用来扩容ASM磁盘组23、AIX 下按用户查看占用多少内存
svmon -U grid -w |more svmon -U oracle -w | more 24、AIX 下查看用户下有多少进程
svmon -PO unit=GB |grep aioserver |wcsvmon -PO unit=GB |grep oracle |wc
lsvg |lsvg -i -plsdev -c disk25、查看服务器底层用的存储类型：
lscfg -vpl hdisk4026、生成AWR报告
-----某个节点的 AWR@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpti.sql-----AWR报告@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql-- AWR 两个时间段的比较报告@?/rdbms/admin/awrddrpt.sql-----ASH报告@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/ashrpt.sql-----细粒度的 ASH （Enter value for slot_width:1）slot 槽为 1 的 ASH@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/ashrpti.sql
关于physical reads ，db block gets 和 consistent gets 这三个参数之间有一个换算公式：数据缓冲区的使用命中率=1 - ( physical reads / (db block gets + consistent gets) )。用以下语句可以查看数据缓冲区的命中率：SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ('db block gets', 'consistent gets','physical reads');
查询出来的结果 Buffer Cache 的命中率应该在 90％ 以上，否则需要增加数据缓冲区的大小。27、查看ASM磁盘挂载时间：
set lines 500 pages 2000col g_name format a10col g_n format 99col d_n format 999col m_status format a7col mo_status format a7col h_status format a11col name format a20col path format a20col failgroup format a15select g.group_number g_n,g.disk_number d_n,g.name name,g.failgroup,g.mount_status m_status,g.header_status h_status,g.mode_status mo_status,g.path ,to_char(g.mount_date, 'YYYY/MM/DD HH24:MI:SS') m_datefrom v$asm_disk gorder by g_n, d_n28、查看某个用户所拥有的角色
select * from dba_role_privs where grantee='JKX_NEW_QRY ';29、查看某个角色所拥有的权限
select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='SKDATA';select * from DBA_TAB_PRIVS where grantee='SKDATA';30、修改 LINUX 操作系统 /dev/shm 文件系统大小
开机自启动：tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=20G 0 0立即生效：mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=20g /dev/shm 31、trace 追踪监听文件
$ ps aux |sort -rnk3 |more侦听器进程的Pstack / Truss / Strace / Tusc 注意110888.1如何跟踪Unix系统调用Pstack <PID_of_listener>
Sun：truss -aefdDo /tmp/truss-lsnr.log -p <PID_of_listener> Linux：strace -frT -o /tmp/strace-lsnr.log -p <PID_of_listener> HP：tusc -aef -o /tmp/tusc-lsnr.log -T“％H：％M：％S” -p <PID_of_listener> 32、删除当前目录下十天前 *.dmp 文件
find ./ -name '*.dmp' -mtime +10 -exec rm -f {}33、dds 同步软件
su - ddsdt 用户，vshmt -c 可以看到同步情况/ddssoftware/ddt/ddsdt/bin/dds_pput -xDDS同步软件 类似于OGG的同步软件10.10.19X.XXX localhost10.10.19X.XX JiekeADGJiekeADG:/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/picccash/picccash/trace$hostname:/#su - ddsdtJiekeADG:/ddssoftware/ddt/ddsdt/dt$vshmt -cSHM: SHM-VER : Ver2.13.009 type : T MULTI_SOURCE : 1 size : 34675744 SystemStat : Normal OracleLoginStr : ddsdt/ddsdt DB-Charset : 852 DB-N-Charset : 2000 Conv-Charset : 0 AuthStr : ddsdt/ddsdt DDS_DATA : /ddssoftware/ddt/ddsdt/dt Audit : No QueueCount : 2 comm_param : TCP:10.10.19X.XX:7915 Source : TCP:10.10.19X.XXX:7910 SourceWebport : 8303 SizeLogFile : 104857600 ReserveTableCNT: 50 put_retry_cnt : 3 alarm_wait_dtf : 300 has_split_rids : 0 large_table_blo: 1000 lob_piece_len : 8388608 RM_Blk_Count : 128 PutData : InQueue: 0:0 PutOK: 12510654:945115120084 HisData : InQueue: 0:0 PutOK: 8893:87198847301 ChkData : InQueue: 0:0 PutOK: 0:0 AudData : InQueue: 0:0 PutOK: 0:0 dbfInASM : 1 DELAY : 0 DML_MODE : RowID PackBak : 5 Modules : 0x87 DDS_RB_HOURS : 0 MachineTime : 20190904182630 inode-log : 294 inode-err : 281 DISK-REMAIN(MB): 512 restart_mem(MB): 256 DDS_LOBDIR : sem_count : 121 sem_pput : 8 sem_pput_h : 40 sem_pput_v : 72 sem_pput_cmt : 89 max_num_pput : 32 max_num_pput_h : 32 max_num_pput_v : 16 max_num_pput_a : 1 adjust_op : 0 index_retry_cou: 0 index_retry_del: 60 SyncTime0 : 2018/07/26 00:35:05 SCN-PUT00 : SCN-0x83d659c71 SUB:0 Time:2019/09/04 10:29:57 SCN-PUT01 : SCN-0x83d659c71 SUB:0 Time:2019/09/04 10:29:57 StopPutIncremen: Normal, Load Increments StopCreateIndex: Normal, Load Indexes Total : IRP-160361545 URP-1100746241 DRP-130759 DDL-7 TXN-593096960 DelayTime : MIN-28591 MAX-1353324 AVG-229 PUT-NO-CUR : 136533 put0 : 6296809/6296809 put1 : 6296809/6296809 his0 : 12033/12033 ATS001 WaitCommit : 0-N 1-N SRC#0 : SOURCE 10.10.19X.XXX:7910:8303JiekeADG:/ddssoftware/ddt/ddsdt/dt$=======================================================
关于 SQL 命令还有很多，由于篇幅就先写这么多，有机会在分享。上述 SQL 命令由于微信编辑器原因断句不明显，可能出现格式错误不能执行，这里将其保存至文本文件中方便复制粘贴执行，如有需要的小伙伴们在本公众号【ID 为 JiekeXu_IT】后台回复 【SQL大全二】 即可获取。也可添加微信 ID：JiekeXu_DBA 一起学习数据库。
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34、根据归档号从带库恢复归档日志
rman target /run{Allocate channel t1 type 'sbt_tape' parms 'ENV=(TDPO_OPTFILE=/usr/tivoli/tsm/client/oracle/bin64/tdpo.opt)';restore archivelog sequence between 63145 and 63149 thread 1;restore archivelog sequence between 62697 and 62700 thread 2;Release channel t1;}35、JDBC 连接串
jdbc:Oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(HOST=10.1XX.XXX.XXX)(PROTOCOL=TCP)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(HOST=10.1XX.XXX.XXX)(PROTOCOL=TCP)(PORT=1521)))(LOAD_BALANCE=yes)(FAILOVER=yes)(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=Jieker)))36、数据泵导入
impdp user/password dumpfile=temp.dmp directory=dump remap_tablespace=[old_table_space]:[new_table_space] old是指server1机器上的tablespace_name，new是指server2上的 37、切换日志打检查点，关闭实例时使用
alter system switch logfile;alter system switch logfile;alter system checkpoint;38、修改内存
alter system set memory_max_target=0 scope=spfile;alter system set memory_target =0 scope=spfile;alter system set sga_max_size=13G scope=spfile;alter system set sga_target=13G scope=spfile;alter system set pga_aggregate_target=6G scope=spfile;###########################################################
安装数据库报错：
/bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1
$GRID_HOME/crs/install/roothas.pl -deconfig -force -verbose //GI回退 root.sh 脚本
###########################################################
39、停 oem 杀会话
停 oem 服务再停数据库/app/oms/bin/emctl start/stop omsPs -ef | grep -i local=no | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'| xargs kill -9 40、ASM 掉盘重新挂盘重启 crsd 进程
su - grid crsctl query crs softwareversion --查看集群版本asmcmdlsdgmount ocrexitcrsctl start res ora.crsd -init41、Linux 6 下查看数据库有哪些 IP 连接进来
netstat -anop | grep ESTABLISHED | awk '$4 ~/:1521/'
--解压 10g 的 cpio 类型安装软件cpio -idmvc <*.cpio ----cpio解压42、清理垃圾文件
cd &DIRfind ./ -ctime +3 |xargs rm查看大于20M的文件find / -type f -size +20M -print0 | xargs -0 du -h | sort -nr43、查看备库进程：
set pages 9999set lines 200select process,client_process,sequence#,thread#,status from v$managed_standby;---mrp0当前正在应用的日志序列select process,status,sequence# from v$managed_standby;---查询dg应用情况set linesize 150; set pagesize 20; column name format a13; column value format a20; column unit format a30; column TIME_COMPUTED format a30; select name,value,unit,time_computed from v$dataguard_stats where name in ('transport lag','apply lag'); 44、查询数据库负载 dbtime
set pages 9999set lines 200alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'; SELECT * FROM ( SELECT A.INSTANCE_NUMBER, A.SNAP_ID, B.BEGIN_INTERVAL_TIME + 0 BEGIN_TIME, B.END_INTERVAL_TIME + 0 END_TIME, ROUND(VALUE - LAG( VALUE, 1 , '0') OVER(ORDER BY A.INSTANCE_NUMBER, A.SNAP_ID)) "DB TIME" FROM (SELECT B.SNAP_ID, INSTANCE_NUMBER, SUM(VALUE ) / 1000000 / 60 VALUE FROM DBA_HIST_SYS_TIME_MODEL B WHERE B.DBID = (SELECT DBID FROM V$DATABASE) AND UPPER (B.STAT_NAME) IN UPPER(('DB TIME' )) GROUP BY B.SNAP_ID, INSTANCE_NUMBER) A, DBA_HIST_SNAPSHOT B WHERE A.SNAP_ID = B.SNAP_ID AND B.DBID = (SELECT DBID FROM V$DATABASE) AND B.INSTANCE_NUMBER = A.INSTANCE_NUMBER) WHERE TO_CHAR(BEGIN_TIME, 'YYYY-MM-DD') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE , 'YYYY-MM-DD') ORDER BY BEGIN_TIME; =======================================================
本文 SQL 命令由于微信编辑器原因可能出现格式错误不能执行，这里将其保存至文本文件中方便复制粘贴执行，如有需要的小伙伴们在本公众号后台回复 【SQL大全二】即可获取,点击下方公众号即可回复。
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45、连接数相关查看
show parameter process--查看最大连接数select value from v$parameter where name ='processes'; --查两个节点连接数select INST_ID,count(*) from gv$session group by inst_id;--查看起库以来最大连接数select resource_name,MAX_UTILIZATION,LIMIT_VALUE from v$resource_limit where resource_name in ('processes','sessions');--查看并发连接数Select INST_ID,count(*) from gv$session where status='ACTIVE' group by inst_id;--查看不同用户的连接数select username,count(username) from v$session where username is not null group by username;46、查当前的等待事件
col wait_class for a20set lines 200 pages 200col event for a60select event,count(*),wait_class from v$session_wait group by event,wait_class order by 3;47、查看归档是否有错误
select dest_name,error from v$archive_dest;48、查看数据库运行时间
select to_char(startup_time,'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') 启动时间,TRUNC(sysdate-(startup_time))||'天'||TRUNC(24*((sysdate-startup_time)-TRUNC(sysdate-startup_time)))||'小时'||MOD(TRUNC(1440*((SYSDATE-startup_time)-TRUNC(sysdate-startup_time))),60)||'分'||MOD(TRUNC(86400*((SYSDATE-STARTUP_TIME)-TRUNC(SYSDATE-startup_time))),60)||'秒' 运行时间from gv$instance;49、查询dg同步延迟
select ceil((sysdate-next_time)*24*60) "M" from v$archived_log where applied='YES' AND SEQUENCE#=(SELECT MAX(SEQUENCE#) FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG WHERE applied='YES');50、查询数据库安装时间
select a.name,to_char(a.created,'yyyy.mm.dd'),b.instance_name from gv$database a,gv$instance b where a.inst_id=b.inst_id;51、查看 sys 用户使用情况
select b.username,h.machine,to_char(h.sample_time,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss') time,count(*) from dba_hist_active_sess_history h ,dba_users bwhere h.user_id=b.user_id and b.username in('SYSTEM','SYS') and h.MACHINE not in (select host_name from gv$instance)and h.sample_time>to_date('20210208','yyyymmdd')group by b.username,h.machine,to_char(h.sample_time,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss');52、查询 redo 每天切换次数
select trunc(FIRST_TIME,'dd'),count(1)from v$log_historywhere trunc(FIRST_TIME,'dd')>sysdate-10group by trunc(FIRST_TIME,'dd')order by 1;53、查看每天归档产生数据量 归档量
--按天计算select trunc(FIRST_TIME,'dd') Time,sum(BLOCKS*BLOCK_SIZE)/1024/1024/1024 Total_GB from v$archived_log group by trunc(FIRST_TIME,'dd') order by 1; --按小时计算select trunc(FIRST_TIME,'hh') Time,sum(BLOCKS*BLOCK_SIZE)/1024/1024/1024 Total_GB from v$archived_log group by trunc(FIRST_TIME,'hh') order by 1;54、redo 日志产生频率
select a.recid,to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') begin_time,b.recid,to_char(b.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') end_time,round((b.first_time-a.first_time)*24*60,2) minutesfrom v$log_history a,v$log_history bwhere b.recid = a.recid+1 and to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') >=to_char(sysdate-10,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') ;desc dba_hist_active_sess_history; ----可以查询执行过的sql的主机55、AIX 查看僵尸进程
ps -ef | grep defunct56、清理 LOCAL=NO 连接
ps -ef | grep LOCAL=NO | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}' |xargs kill -957、AIX 系统查看错误
errpt | head -2058、rman 查看归档备份
rman target /list backup of archivelog all;59、查看 rman 备份进度
set line 200 pages 1000col MESSAGE for a60col TARGET for a20select sid,SERIAL#,TARGET,START_TIME,ELAPSED_SECONDS,TIME_REMAINING,MESSAGE,ROUND(SOFAR/TOTALWORK*100,2) "%_COMPLETE"from v$session_longopswhere 1=1 --and sid=2983 and SERIAL#=5and TIME_REMAINING>0 ;60、查询创建用户的日期
select t.username, t.account_status, t.created, t.default_tablespace from DBA_USERS t where username= 'ABASE' order by t.created desc;61、rman全库备份
run { allocate channel c1 type disk ; allocate channel c2 type disk ; allocate channel c3 type disk ; allocate channel c4 type disk ; backup as compressed backupset database format '/backup/%d_%I_%s_%p.bak'; backup as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/backup/%d_%I_%s_%p.arc'; backup current controlfile for standby format '/backup/%d_%I_%s_%p.ctl'; release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; release channel c4;}--压缩全库备份backup database format='/u01/app/backup/rman/eweaverstb_%s.bak' filesperset 4;run{backup as compressed backupset database format='/u01/app/backup/ewverstb_%s.bak' plus archivelog delete input skip inaccessible;}62、数据泵导入导出相关命令
--expdp导入导出select * from dba_directories where directory_name ='DATA_PUMP_DIR';如果目录过小或者不存在,则create directory expdp_dir as '/u01/app/backup/expdp_dir';grant read,write on directory expdp_dir to public;expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=full_bak.dmp full=y;
impdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=full_bak.dmp full=y;
impdb \'/ as sysdba\' DIRECTORY=dump_dir DUMPFILE=full.dmp FULL=y;
--使用 par 文件全库导出more full_expdp_query.pardirectory=exp_dir1logfile=full_new_exclude.logdumpfile=full_new_exclude_%U.dmp exclude=table:"in('LOG2017','LOG20210115')"query=GO.POLICYATTACHMENTS:"where createtime>=to_date('20200901','YYYYMMDD')"exclude=statisticsfull=y parallel=8cluster=N
nohup expdp \"/ as sysdba\" parfile=full_expdp_query.par &
--导入more full_impdp_query.pardirectory=imp_dir1logfile=impdp_full_query.logdumpfile=full_expdp_query_%U.dmp CLUSTER=Nparallel=8
nohup impdp \"/ as sysdba\" parfile=full_impdp_query.par & expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=tbs_bak.dmp tables=(XXX,XXX)expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=tbs_bak.dmp tables=\(PROD.SU_UALCOMPEMRESPONINFO,PROD.SU_BASICINFO,PROD.SU_SENDXML,PROD.SU_SENDXMLBATCH\) fromuser=xxx touser=xxx log=tab.logexpdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=TIF_DP dumpfile=TSS_20190808.DMP logfile=TSS_20190809.log fromuser=TSS touser=TSexpdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=expdp_dir dumpfile=bbruser.dmp logfile=bbruser.log fromuser=bbruser touser=bbinfo
--只导出全库索引expdp \' / as sysdba \' directory=exp_dir dumpfile=index.dmp logfile=out_index.log cluster=n include=INDEX full=yExport: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Feb 3 14:45:50 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.;;; Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsFLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity.Starting "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=exp_dir dumpfile=index.dmp logfile=out_index.log cluster=n include=INDEX full=y Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 0 KBProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICSMaster table "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for SYS.SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01 is: /oracle/soft/index.dmpJob "SYS"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 14:47:59
SQLFILE参数该参数可以用于impdp,主要作用是未真实在目标端执行导入的情况下,生成sql文件包含该dmp文件的所有ddl语句,使用语法为SQLFILE=[directory_object:]file_name注意事项:1.directory_object可以不和impdp的DIRECTORY参数不一致,如果是一样,directory_object可以省略2.SQLFILE文件必须写入到磁盘之上,不能写入到ASM中3.SQLFILE和QUERY参数冲突,不能同时使用
--获取创建索引的 SQL impdp \' / as sysdba \' directory=exp_dir sqlfile=cre_index.sql dumpfile=index.dmp logfile=in_index.log cluster=n include=INDEXImport: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Feb 3 15:06:30 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.;;; Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsMaster table "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloadedStarting "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01": "/******** AS SYSDBA" directory=exp_dir dumpfile=index.dmp logfile=index.log cluster=n sqlfile=cre_index.sql include=INDEXProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/BITMAP_INDEX/INDEX_STATISTICSJob "SYS"."SYS_SQL_FILE_FULL_01" successfully completed at 15:07:22
--获取创建索引的 SQL 语句set pages 9999set line 9999set long 9999SELECT dbms_lob.substr(dbms_metadata.get_ddl('INDEX',INDEX_NAME,'SCOTT'))||';'from dba_indexeswhere owner='SCOTT'; --导出序列expdp \' / as sysdba \' directory=exp_dir dumpfile=sequence.dmp logfile=out_sequence.log cluster=n include=sequence full=y
--删除序列在导入set line 120 pages 9999spool drop_sequence.sqlSELECT 'DROP SEQUENCE '||SEQUENCE_OWNER||'.'||SEQUENCE_NAME||';' FROM DBA_SEQUENCES WHERE SEQUENCE_OWNER='SCOTT';spool off;@drop_sequnece.sqlimpdp \' / as sysdba \' network_link=db_seq include=sequence
--按条件导出expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=exp_dir1 logfile=full_query2021.log dumpfile=full_query_polic_%U.dmp TABLES=ECARGO.POLICYATTACHMENTS query=\"where createtime \>= to_date\(\'20200901\',\'YYYYMMDD\'\)\"
impdp bbrinfo/8t4V~p5=Y DIRECTORY=expdp_dir dumpfile=bbruser.dmp REMAP_SCHEMA=bbruser:bbrinfoImport: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production on Friday, 09 August, 2019 14:43:03Copyright (C) 2003, 2005, Oracle.? All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsORA-39001: invalid argument valueORA-39000: bad dump file specificationORA-39142: incompatible version number 3.1 in dump file "/home/oracle/PICCATSSIX_20190808.DMP"
expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=exp_dir1 dumpfile=full_query2021_%U.dmp full=y logfile=full2021.log qurey= \"where policyattachments.createtime>= to_date('20200901','YYYYMMDD')\"
impdp scott/tiger ?network_link=test1? TABLES=scott.a? directory=backup? REMAP_TABLE=a:a1 Query="'Where HIREDATE<= to_date(''31-05-1981'', ''dd-mm-yyyy'') and HIREDATE>to_date(''31-01-1981'', ''dd-mm-yyyy'') '"? logfile=test.log ;
query=bi_dw.DW_MID_CONTRACT:"where data_date in(to_date('2013-11-13','yyyy-mm-dd'),to_date('2013-11-14','yyyy-mm-dd'),to_date('2013-8-13','yyyy-mm-dd'),to_date('2013-8-14','yyyy-mm-dd'))"
expdp \'/ as sysdba\' directory=exp_dir1 logfile=full_query2021.log dumpfile=full_query_%U.dmp TABLES=GO.POLICYATTACHME query=\"where createtime>= to_date('20200901','YYYYMMDD') \" parallel=8 cluster=N
源端数据库版本11.2.0.4.0,目标端数据库版本10.2.0.4.0，源端数据库版本高于目标端数据库版本，源端导出数据时加上目标端version：set lines 300col OWNER_NAME for a10col OPERATION for a15col JOB_MODE for a20col STATE for a15select * from dba_datapump_jobs;
expdp wxlun/wxlun123 tables=wxlun.WXLUN_TAB01,wxlun.WXLUN_TAB02 directory=expdp dumpfile=wxlun1212.dmp logfile=wxlun1212.log version=10.2.0.4.0impdp scott/tiger directory=expdp dumpfile=wxlun1212.dmp logfile=wxlun1212.log remap_schema=wxlun:scott REMAP_TABLESPACE=wxlun:USERS--cp冷备数据文件 控制文件 参数文件 v$datafile,v$controlfile;63、查看历史备份
set line 200col START_TIME for a30col END_TIME for a30col status for a10select SESSION_KEY,INPUT_TYPE,STATUS,to_char(START_TIME, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') START_TIME,to_char(END_TIME, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') END_TIME,ELAPSED_SECONDS / 3600from v$rman_backup_job_detailswhere to_char(START_TIME, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi') > to_char(sysdate-12,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi')order by SESSION_KEY;64、查询数据库增量增长
select sum(TABLESPACE_USEDSIZE)*8/1024/1024,substr(rtime,0,10)from DBA_HIST_TBSPC_SPACE_USAGEwhere snap_id in (select max(snap_id) from DBA_HIST_TBSPC_SPACE_USAGE group by substr(rtime,0,10) ) --and TABLESPACE_ID=7group by substr(rtime,0,10) order by 1 ;--清空SHARED_POOL缓冲ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH SHARED_POOL ;--删除已备份归档rman target /delete archivelog all backed up 1 times to device type 'sbt_tape';关于密码错误验证延迟特性：密码错误验证延迟，可以通过设置EVENT="28401 TRACE NAME CONTEXT FOREVER, LEVEL 1" alter system set events='28401 trace name context forever, level 1'; ---不需要重启65、数据库开启归档
su - oraclesqlplus / as sysdbaarchive log list;
1、归档路径①如果没有归档存放存储，需要操作系统挂载存储再继续操作②如果归档存储存在，但并非所想存放的实际路径，可在相关存储下创建目录mkdir -p /app/oracle/arch修改归档目录权限chown -R oracle:oinstall /app/oracle/arch
③如果归档存储存在，且路径正确，权限正确则可以直接使用
2、备份spfile文件create pfile from spfile;3、修改归档路径到想存放的位置，如查询出的归档路径已经是正确的位置，则不需要修改。su - oraclesqlplus / as sysdbaalter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/app/oracle/arch' scope=spfile sid='*';4、重启数据库，开启/关闭归档模式（rac两个节点均关闭，使用一个节点修改，修改完成后启动另一个节点）shutdown immediate;startup mount;5、归档模式修改：开启归档模式：alter database archivelog;关闭归档模式：alter database noarchivelog;alter database open;如果为集群：需要停止两个节点，在一个节点操作完成后，拉起另一个节点，操作步骤如上，rac集群启动另一个节点：startup
6、查看数据库归档路径su - oraclesqlplus / as sysdbaarchive log list;切换日志，查看归档目录下产生归档文件alter system switch logfile；7、关闭归档shutdown immediate;startup mount;--开启归档模式：--alter database archivelog;关闭归档模式：alter database noarchivelog;66、 RMAN 全备脚本部署
①RMAN全备脚本部署vi /home/oracle/full_backup.shORACLE_BASE=/app/oracleORACLE_HOME=/app/product/11.2.0/dbORACLE_SID=JiekeXu1db_name=JiekeXuPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin/
v_date=`date +%Y%m%d`[ -d /backup/$db_name/$v_date ] || mkdir -p /app/backup/$db_name/$v_date
rman target /<<EOF > /app/backup/$db_name/$v_date/full_$v_date.logrun{allocate channel c1 device type disk;backup database format '/app/backup/%d/%T/full_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';sql 'alter system archive log current';sql 'alter system archive log current';sql 'alter system archive log current';backup archivelog all delete input format '/app/backup/%d/%T/full_arch_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';backup current controlfile format '/app/backup/%d/%T/full_controlfile_%U';backup spfile format '/app/backup/%d/%T/full_spfile_%d_%T_%s_%p.bak';release channel c1;}EOF
②赋权chmod +x full_backup.sh关于 SQL 命令还有很多，由于篇幅就先写这么多，66 条六六大顺，剩余的有机会在分享。上述 SQL 命令由于微信编辑器原因可能出现格式错误不能执行，这里将其保存至文本文件中方便复制粘贴执行，如有需要的小伙伴们在本公众号后台回复 【SQL大全二】 即可获取。
未完待续！！！
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