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PRC Civil Code: Part VII Liability for Tort
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PRC Civil Code: Chapter 14-Lease Contracts
Chapter 1 General Provisions第一章 一般规定
Article 1164 This Part governs the civil relationships arising from infringement upon civil rights and interests.第一千一百六十四条 本编调整因侵害民事权益产生的民事关系。Article 1165 Whoever is at fault in infringing upon another party's civil rights and interests and causing damage thereto shall bear tortious liability.A person who is presumed to be at fault pursuant to the provisions of the laws and is unable to prove him innocent shall bear tortious liability.
第一千一百六十五条 行为人因过错侵害他人民事权益造成损害的，应当承担侵权责任。依照法律规定推定行为人有过错，其不能证明自己没有过错的，应当承担侵权责任。Article 1166 Where a person causes damage to the civil rights and interests of others, regardless of whether he is at fault or not, and the law stipulates that he shall be liable for tort, such provisions shall prevail.第一千一百六十六条 行为人造成他人民事权益损害，不论行为人有无过错，法律规定应当承担侵权责任的，依照其规定。
Article 1167 Where a tortious act endangers the personal or property safety of another person, the infringed shall have the right to request the tortfeasor to bear tortious liability such as ceasing infringement, removing obstruction, eliminating danger, etc.第一千一百六十七条 侵权行为危及他人人身、财产安全的，被侵权人有权请求侵权人承担停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险等侵权责任。
Article 1168 Where two or more persons have committed a tortious act jointly and caused damage to others, they shall bear joint and several liability.第一千一百六十八条 二人以上共同实施侵权行为，造成他人损害的，应当承担连带责任。
Article 1170 In case two or more persons have committed an act which compromises the personal or property safety of others, and the action of one or several of them has caused others to suffer damage, where the specific tortfeasor(s) can be determined, the tortfeasor(s) shall be held liable; if the specific tortfeasor(s) cannot be determined, the one who performed the act s shall bear joint and several liability.第一千一百七十条 二人以上实施危及他人人身、财产安全的行为，其中一人或者数人的行为造成他人损害，能够确定具体侵权人的，由侵权人承担责任；不能确定具体侵权人的，行为人承担连带责任。
Article 1171 Where the tortious acts committed respectively by two or more persons have caused the same damage, and the tortious acts of each person are sufficient to cause all the damage, the one who performed the act s shall bear joint and several liability.第一千一百七十一条 二人以上分别实施侵权行为造成同一损害，每个人的侵权行为都足以造成全部损害的，行为人承担连带责任。
Article 1172 Where the tortious acts committed respectively by two or more persons have caused the same damage, and the extent of liability can be determined, such persons shall bear the corresponding liability respectively; where it is difficult to determine the extent of liability, they shall bear liability equally.第一千一百七十二条 二人以上分别实施侵权行为造成同一损害，能够确定责任大小的，各自承担相应的责任；难以确定责任大小的，平均承担责任。
Article 1173 Where the infringed is at fault for occurrence or amplification of the same damage, the liability of the tortfeasor(s) may be mitigated.第一千一百七十三条 被侵权人对同一损害的发生或者扩大有过错的，可以减轻侵权人的责任。
Article 1174 Where the damage is intentionally caused by the victim, the one who made the damage shall not be held liable.第一千一百七十四条 损害是因受害人故意造成的，行为人不承担责任。
Article 1175 A third party that causes the damage shall bear tortious liability.第一千一百七十五条 损害是因第三人造成的，第三人应当承担侵权责任。
Article 1176 In the event that a person is willing to participate in recreational and sports activities with certain risks, but is harmed due to the conduct of other participants, the victim shall not request other participants to bear tortious liability, unless other participants have committed intentional misconduct or gross negligence for the occurrence of the harm.The responsibility of the organizer of an activity shall be governed by Articles 1198 through 1201 hereof.第一千一百七十六条 自愿参加具有一定风险的文体活动，因其他参加者的行为受到损害的，受害人不得请求其他参加者承担侵权责任；但是，其他参加者对损害的发生有故意或者重大过失的除外。活动组织者的责任适用本法第一千一百九十八条至第一千二百零一条的规定。
Article 1177 Where the legitimate rights and interests are infringed upon, the situation is urgent, timely protection cannot be obtained from State organs, and irreparable damage will be caused to the legitimate rights and interests unless immediate measures are taken, the victim may take reasonable measures such as detaining the property of the tortfeasor within the necessary scope for protecting his own legitimate rights and interests; provided however that he shall immediately request the State organs for handling.A victim that has adopted improper measures and caused damage to others shall bear tortious liability.第一千一百七十七条 合法权益受到侵害，情况紧迫且不能及时获得国家机关保护，不立即采取措施将使其合法权益受到难以弥补的损害的，受害人可以在保护自己合法权益的必要范围内采取扣留侵权人的财物等合理措施；但是，应当立即请求有关国家机关处理。受害人采取的措施不当造成他人损害的，应当承担侵权责任。
Article 1178 Where this Code and other laws provide otherwise in respect of circumstances under which liability may be exempted or mitigated, such provisions shall prevail.第一千一百七十八条 本法和其他法律对不承担责任或者减轻责任的情形另有规定的，依照其规定。
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