【数字平台与数字治理】前沿追踪

数字治理

Digital Governance

信息技术革命和数字经济的迅猛发展使数字平台成为经济发展的核心驱动力和组织间价值共创的重要载体。学术界关于数字平台的研究持续增长，且呈现出显著的学科交叉的特点，广泛分布在管理学、经济学以及信息系统学等领域。进入21世纪以来，数字化浪潮席卷全球，数字经济迅猛发展，数字平台正在世界经济体系中扮演越来越重要的角色。拥有巨大能量的数字平台正在不断介入并承载市场参与者之间的多元互动。依托数字平台，市场的参与者不仅能交换信息和商品以及进行社会互动，而且能不断创造新的服务、市场和商业模式。数字平台正在不断影响甚至变革传统制造业、旅游、金融、教育等诸多行业，各种基于数字平台的产品和服务也是层出不穷，涉及信息服务、工业互联网、共享经济、社交媒体等广阔领域。Cennamo等（2021）甚至表示，数字平台已经渗入经济生活的每个角落，数字平台的快速发展不断激发新业态和新模式的涌现。

数字治理是随着数字技术在经济、社会、政治生活中日益广泛的应用而产生的新型治理。一般认为，数字治理既包括“基于数字化的治理”，即数字化被作为工具或手段应用于现有治理体系，其目的是提升治理效能，例如公共管理学所强调的借助数字技术和数字分析，精准研判、及早预警、紧急处置突发性重大公共事件；也包括“对数字化的治理”，即针对数字世界各类复杂问题的创新治理，是政治经济学和国际关系学等领域更加关注的角度。这些问题又可以分为两大类：一是数字生态下的经济、社会、文化发展中的问题和风险，如数字霸权、数字垄断、数字鸿沟、智能化带来的情感、暴力甚至仇恨等；二是数字技术及其运用产生的问题和风险，比如数据的泄露篡改、信息污染、网络病毒、网络黑客等网络安全问题、平台自身的生态系统问题等。从治理范围来看，数字治理涵盖了从宏观、中观到微观的全线范畴，全球治理、国家治理、社会治理等属于宏观层面，行业治理、产业治理等属于中观层面，平台治理、企业治理、社群治理等则属于微观层面。

PART.1

The evolving nature of open innovation governance: A study of a digital platform development in collaboration with a big science centre.

开放式创新治理的演变性质:与大型科学中心合作的数字平台开发研究

keywords：

Open Innovation; Governance; Big Science Centre; Digital Platform

关键词：

开放式创新；治理；大科学中心；数字平台

Abstract：

There is growing recognition that the governance of open innovation is interdependent with the outcome being developed. In this paper, we address the dynamic nature of open innovation governance through an in-depth, longitudinal case study of a commercial software firm and a big science centre co-developing a digital platform. We identified five processes through which the open innovation governance and its outcome – i.e., the platform – influenced each other. Specifically, we found that the governance of the collaboration played a major role in resolving tensions between the two partners, which had a profound impact on the design of the digital platform. In turn, the decisions surrounding the platform started to change the open innovation governance. Based on these insights, we develop implications for governing open innovation in the context of collaborating with a big science centre.

摘要：

人们越来越认识到，开放创新的治理与正在开发的成果是相互依存的。在本文中，我们通过对一家商业软件公司和一家大型科学中心共同开发数字平台的深入纵向案例研究，探讨了开放创新治理的动态性质。我们确定了开放创新治理及其结果（即平台）相互影响的五个过程。具体而言，我们发现合作的治理在解决两个合作伙伴之间的紧张关系方面发挥了重要作用，这对数字平台的设计产生了深远影响。反过来，围绕平台的决策开始改变开放式创新治理。基于这些见解，我们提出了在与大型科学中心合作的背景下管理开放创新的启示。

文献来源：

Cavallo A, Burgers H, Ghezzi A, et al. The evolving nature of open innovation governance: A study of a digital platform development in collaboration with a big science centre[J]. Technovation, 2022, 116: 102370.

PART.2

Digital governance: A conceptual framework and research agenda

数字治理:概念框架和研究议程

Keywords: 

Algorithmic management；Artificial intelligence；Blockchain；Corporate governance；Digital governance；Digital transformation；Interorganizational governance

关键词：

算法管理;人工智能;区块链;公司治理;数字治理;数字化转型;组织间治理

Abstract：

The rapid expansion of digital technologies has paved the way for new forms of organizing, facilitated by increased data and knowledge exchange between individuals and organizations. However, this poses major new challenges for designing effective governance mechanisms. This paper highlights the critical role of digital governance in facilitating digitally enabled exchange relationships. To this end, we propose a typology of analog, augmented, and automated governance modes, each associated with specific control, coordination, incentive, and trust mechanisms. Additionally, we provide a heuristic for determining the optimal governance choice via the interplay of transactivity (i.e., the contributors, connections, and consistency in an exchange network) and corresponding governance costs. Our study advances the governance literature by defining digital governance as a distinct form and outlining key governance mechanisms and choices in the digital era. Finally, we identify avenues for future research in this field.

摘要：

数字技术的快速扩张为新的组织形式铺平了道路，个人和组织之间的数据和知识交流也在增加。然而，这对设计有效的治理机制提出了重大的新挑战。本文强调了数字治理在促进数字交流关系方面的关键作用。为此，我们提出了一种模拟、增强和自动化治理模式的类型，每种模式都与特定的控制、协调、激励和信任机制相关联。此外，我们提供了一种启发式方法，用于通过交易性（即交换网络中的贡献者、连接和一致性）和相应的治理成本的相互作用来确定最佳治理选择。我们的研究通过将数字治理定义为一种独特的形式，并概述了数字时代的关键治理机制和选择，推进了治理文献。最后，我们确定了该领域未来研究的途径。

文献来源：

Hanisch M, Goldsby C M, Fabian N E, et al. Digital governance: A conceptual framework and research agenda[J]. Journal of Business Research, 2023, 162: 113777.

PART.3

Data governance and digital innovation: A translational account of practitioner issues for IS research.

数据治理和数字创新:IS研究从业者问题的转化描述

Keywords: 

Data governance; Digital innovation; Paradoxes; Governing data; Taxonomies; Typologies; Servitization

关键词：

数据治理;数字创新;悖论;管理数据;分类法;类型学；服务化

Abstract：

There is widespread agreement in research and practice that data governance is an instrumental element to help organizations leverage and protect data. IS research has observed that our practical and our scientific knowledge of data governance remains limited, and the increasing ability for organizations to generate, acquire, store, transform, process and analyze data calls for us to further identify and address issues on the topic. Striving to contribute to answer this pressing need, we argue that understanding the nature and the implications of governance mechanisms is of high importance as it is these mechanisms that effectively instantiate data governance in an organization. Building on our experience preparing and teaching workshops to 102 executives on the topic, we adopt a position of engaged scholarship and provide a translational account of our pedagogical experience on data governance, highlighting four outstanding themes for IS research. We argue that these four themes—(1) embracing data governance without compromising digital innovation; (2) enacting data governance through repertoires of mechanisms; (3) moving away from data governance toward governing data; and (4) moving away from a view of data at rest to adopt a service-based perspective on data governance—are highly relevant for practice and research. In our view, studying these themes will contribute to inform practitioners who often struggle with the implementation of comprehensive data governance programs and frameworks. At the same time, the ability to leverage theory to study these themes can help research generate novel theoretical contributions on data governance, helping future research on the topic.

摘要：

研究和实践中普遍认为，数据治理是帮助组织利用和保护数据的工具。IS的研究表明，我们对数据治理的实践和科学知识仍然有限，组织生成、获取、存储、转换、处理和分析数据的能力不断增强，这要求我们进一步识别和解决该主题的问题。为了努力满足这一迫切需求，我们认为，理解治理机制的性质和含义至关重要，因为正是这些机制有效地实例化了组织中的数据治理。基于我们为102名高管准备和教授该主题研讨会的经验，我们采取了学术参与的立场，并对我们在数据治理方面的教学经验进行了转化，突出了信息系统研究的四个突出主题。我们认为这四个主题:（1）在不影响数字创新的情况下拥抱数据治理；（2） 通过各种机制实施数据治理；（3）从数据治理转向数据治理；（4）从静止数据的观点转向基于服务的数据治理观点与实践和研究高度相关。在我们看来，研究这些主题将有助于为那些经常在实施全面的数据治理计划和框架方面遇到困难的从业者提供信息。同时，利用理论研究这些主题的能力可以帮助研究在数据治理方面产生新的理论贡献，有助于未来对该主题的研究。

文献来源：

Vial G. Data governance and digital innovation: A translational account of practitioner issues for IS research[J]. Information and Organization, 2023, 33(1): 100450.

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图文：孙林杰

编辑：白丽艳

审核：姜忠辉 桑小凡