【前沿追踪】社会企业顶刊文献分享

社会企业顶刊文献分享

混合型组织（Hybrid Organization）通过整合公共、私营和非营利部门的特点和资源，形成一种兼具社会责任和经济效益的新型组织形式。这种多重身份和多重目标的融合，使得混合型组织能够在复杂的社会和经济环境中发挥独特的作用，推动社会进步和可持续发展。

本次收集的四篇关于混合型组织前沿的文献，涵盖了混合型组织在组织治理、逻辑失衡、跨国管理、组织双元性中的不同发现：An Integrative Model of Hybrid Governance: The Role of Boards in Helping Sustain Organizational Hybridity探讨了混合型组织董事层通过注意力来解决组织内治理问题的作用，通过对五家制度背景各异的工作整合型社会企业进行纵向比较案例研究，提出了一个包含保护型董事会结构和关系型领导过程的混合治理整合模型；From Logic Acceptance to Logic Rejection: The Process of Destabilization in Hybrid Organizations揭示了新逻辑进入成熟组织后可能引发的不稳定性过程，通过一家意大利成熟的医院引入私营逻辑的过程，认为在特定的条件下社会认可并非有利且保持一致的制度期望无法实现稳定；Managing interrelated tensions in headquarters–subsidiary relationships: The case of a multinational hybrid organization通过总部-子公司关系分析了跨国混合型组织张力如何对战略核心产生作用，基于一家拉丁美洲跨国混合型组织内的四个总部-子公司关系，解释了混合型组织在跨国管理中的多种张力及管理方法间的相互作用；Hybrid Ambidexterity: How the Environment Shapes Incumbents’ Use of Structural and Contextual Approaches探讨了环境如何塑造企业对结构和情境双元性，通过对德国四大电力公用事业公司的比较性纵向案例研究，提出了组织的混合双元性，即组织在机会众多且不确定的环境下同时投资并结合结构和情境的要素。这些文献共同体现了混合型组织在不同问题中如何实现组织的有效运转，展示了混合型组织在组织治理、逻辑失衡、跨国管理、组织双元性中的实际操作和特点。通过这些研究，混合型组织的重要性和可行性得以突显，为未来的发展和应用提供了理论和实践的参考。

PART.1

An Integrative Model of Hybrid Governance: The Role of Boards in Helping Sustain Organizational Hybridity

混合治理的综合模型：董事会在帮助维持组织混合性方面的作用

Keywords: Attention-based view, Institutional logics, Business models, Management, Faultlines, Entrepreneurship, Performance, Responses, Directors, Conflict

关键词：注意力基础观、制度逻辑、商业模式、管理、断层线、创业精神、绩效、响应、董事、冲突

Abstract: Hybrid organizations must sustainably attend to multiple goals embedded in different institutional spheres. Past research has highlighted the value for hybrids in recruiting board members representing different logics to avoid attentional drifts; yet, diverse boards have also been prone to conflicts that occasion attentional lapses, thereby jeopardizing these organizations ' pursuit of multiple goals. We draw on a longitudinal comparative case study of five work integration social enterprises with institutionally diverse boards to uncover an integrative model of hybrid governance consisting of a protective board structure and relational leadership processes that, together, prevent distracting cognitive and emotional conflicts and foster attentional engagement of both the board and senior managers to multiple goals. The protective board structure prevents shifts in board composition and ensures the enshrined representation of the organization ' s logics. Relational leadership processes - which help board members relate to each other, with the organization ' s mission, and with senior managers - include enculturation processes (i.e., interventions to reduce the cognitive and emotional gap between institutionally diverse board members) and bridging processes (i.e., interventions to facilitate communication and alignment between the board and senior managers in the decision -making process). These findings contribute to research on hybrid organizations, board governance, and organizational attention.

摘要：混合型组织必须可持续地关注嵌入不同制度领域中的多个目标。过去的研究强调了混合型组织为避免注意力分散而招募代表不同逻辑董事会成员的价值；然而，多元化的董事会也更容易导致注意力不集中以产生冲突，从而危及组织追求多个目标。我们通过对五家制度背景各异的工作整合型社会企业进行纵向比较案例研究，提出了一个包含保护型董事会结构和关系型领导过程的混合治理整合模型，二者共同防止分散注意力的认知和情感冲突，并促进董事会和高级管理人员对多个目标的关注。保护型董事会结构稳定董事会成员构成的变化并确保组织逻辑的固化代表。关系型领导过程帮助董事会各个成员、组织使命、高级管理人员间建立联系，其包括文化融入过程（即减少制度背景各异的董事会成员之间认知和情感差距的干预措施）和桥梁过程（即促进董事会和高级管理人员在决策过程中沟通和一致的干预措施）。这些发现为混合型组织、董事会治理和组织注意力方面的研究做出了贡献。

文献来源：

Anne-Claire Pache, Julie Battilana, and Channing Spencer, 2024: An Integrative Model of Hybrid Governance: The Role of Boards in Helping Sustain Organizational Hybridity.Academy of Management Journal, 67, 437–467.

PART.2

From Logic Acceptance to Logic Rejection: The Process of Destabilization in Hybrid Organizations

从逻辑接受到逻辑排斥：混合型组织中不稳定性的形成过程

Keywords: Institutional Theory, Qualitative Research, Public Management, Hybrid Organizations

关键词：制度理论、定性研究、公共管理、混合型组织

Abstract: We study the introduction of the private logic into a mature Italian hospital that was governed previously as a hybrid of professional and public logics. Intriguingly, the reconstituted hospital was for several years widely praised for its strong clinical and financial performance, but quickly and with little warning, it became riven by political differences that led to its demise. Through our case analysis, we develop a multilevel model that reveals the destabilizing process that can unfold when a new logic enters an established organization. We contribute to the hybrids literature by explaining the puzzle of how a new logic can become accepted and then rejected in organizations, emphasizing the critical importance of the interaction between the audience, organization, and practice levels. Crucially, we reveal that positive feedback from multiple audiences may be a mixed blessing for hybrids: although it offers resource and legitimacy advantages, it can induce internal tensions with severe destabilizing consequences. Our findings and model also run counter to two core assumptions within the institutional literature: that social endorsement is advantageous and that alignment with institutional expectations results in stabilization. We qualify these assumptions and indicate the circumstances under which they are unlikely to hold.

摘要：我们研究了意大利一家成熟的医院引入私营逻辑的过程，该医院之前以专业和公共逻辑的混合体形式存在。令人好奇的是，这家重建后的医院在几年内因其强大的临床和财务表现而广受赞誉，但随后却迅速陷入政治分歧，最终走向衰败。通过案例分析，我们构建了一个多层次模型，揭示了新逻辑进入成熟组织后可能引发的不稳定性过程。我们为混合型组织文献做出了贡献，解释了新逻辑如何在组织中从被接受到被排斥的谜团，强调了受众、组织和实践层面之间互动的重要性。关键的是，我们揭示了来自多个受众的积极反馈对混合型组织来说可能是一把双刃剑的事实：虽然这些积极反馈带来了资源和合法性的优势，但也可能引发内部紧张，产生严重的不稳定后果。我们的发现和模型也与制度文献中的两个核心假设相悖：即社会认可是有利的，以及与制度期望保持一致会导致稳定。我们为这些假设提供了限定条件，并指出了它们可能不成立的情况。

文献来源：

Giulia Cappellaro, Paul Tracey, and Royston Greenwood, 2020: From Logic Acceptance to Logic Rejection: The Process of Destabilization in Hybrid Organizations. Organization Science 31:2, 415-438.

PART.3

Managing interrelated tensions in headquarters–subsidiary relationships: The case of a multinational hybrid organization

总部与子公司关系中的相互关联张力管理：以跨国混合型组织为例

Keywords: Headquarters-subsidiary Roles and Relations, Organizational Paradox, Hybrid organization, Integration and Responsiveness, Social-commercial Tensions, Case Theoretic Approaches

关键词：总部-子公司角色与关系、组织悖论、混合型组织、整合与响应性、社会-商业张力、案例理论方法

Abstract：While all multinational organizations face the challenge of managing tensions between local integration and global responsiveness, they are increasingly required to pursue additional, often paradoxical, objectives - such as social and commercial goals. However, we know little about how these tensions at the core of the MNC strategy interact. Based on an inductive qualitative study of four headquarters-subsidiary relationships in a Latin American Multinational Hybrid Organization, we develop a model showing the interplay of multiple tensions and management approaches to address them. This allows us to contribute to research on subsidiary roles, which we found to differ depending on how multiple tensions are addressed. Furthermore, we add to the literature on hybridity in multinational organizations by pointing out how regional differences between units of a single organization unfold. Finally, we provide some practical recommendations for the management of multinational hybrid organizations.

摘要：尽管所有跨国组织都面临着在本地整合与全球响应性之间管理张力的挑战，但它们越来越多地要求组织追求其他相互矛盾的目标--如社会目标和商业目标。然而，我们对这些处于跨国公司战略核心的张力之间如何相互作用的研究知之甚少。基于对拉丁美洲一家跨国混合型组织中四个总部-子公司关系的归纳性定性研究，我们开发了一个模型，展示了多种张力及其管理方法的相互作用。这有助于我们对子公司角色的研究做出贡献，我们发现子公司角色会因多种张力的处理方式而有所不同。此外，我们通过指出单个组织内各单位之间区域差异的展开方式，为跨国公司混合性文献增添了内容。最后，我们为跨国混合型组织的管理提供了一些实际建议。

文献来源：

Ambos, T.C., Fuchs, S.H. & Zimmermann, A. Managing interrelated tensions in headquarters–subsidiary relationships: The case of a multinational hybrid organization. Journal of International Business Studies51, 906–932 (2020).

PART.4

Hybrid Ambidexterity: How the Environment Shapes Incumbents’ Use of Structural and Contextual Approaches

混合双元性：环境如何塑造在位者对结构和情境方法的运用

Keywords: Ambidexterity, Organizational Learning, Environmental Discontinuity, Organizational Design, Incumbent Adaptation, Renewable Energy

关键词：双元性、组织学习、环境间断性、组织设计、在位者适应性、可再生能源

Abstract: According to the literature on ambidexterity, organizations can use structural or contextual approaches to simultaneously explore novel opportunities and exploit existing ones. So far, however, we know very little about what induces organizations to focus on structural versus contextual ambidexterity, or how they combine the two approaches to maximize organizational learning. To shed more light on these questions, we investigate how the environment shapes a firm’s use of structural and contextual ambidexterity. Drawing on a comparative, longitudinal case study of the four largest electric utility companies in Germany, we show that firms focused on structural ambidexterity whenever they perceived emerging opportunities in the environment as requiring organizational culture and capabilities fundamentally different from their own. Contextual ambidexterity, on the other hand, became particularly important when opportunities in the environment were both numerous and uncertain, requiring the organization to leverage the distributed attention and expertise of its frontline employees. We show that environments characterized by opportunities that are numerous/uncertain and require novel culture and capabilities lead organizations to invest in initiatives that combine elements of both structural and contextual ambidexterity—an approach we label hybrid ambidexterity. Our theory framework synthesizes and complements existing work that has started to investigate the antecedents of structural versus contextual ambidexterity. We challenge the prevailing understanding of contextual and structural ambidexterity as dichotomous categories and reconceptualize them as two ends of a continuum. In addition, we provide initial evidence that firms’ ambidexterity approaches are influenced by managers’ perceptions of capabilities and opportunities.

摘要：根据双元性文献，组织可以同时使用结构或情境方法来探索新的机会并利用现有的机会。然而，到目前为止，我们对什么促使组织专注于结构双元性而非情境双元性，或如何结合这两种方法来最大化组织学习的了解仍然很少。为了更深入地探讨这些问题，我们研究了环境如何塑造企业对结构和情境双元性的运用。通过对德国四大电力公用事业公司的比较性纵向案例研究，我们发现每当企业认为环境中的新兴机会需要根本不同于其自身的组织文化和能力时，他们就会专注于结构双元性。另一方面，当环境中的机会既多又不确定时，情境双元性变得尤为重要，需要组织利用其一线员工的分散注意力和专业知识。我们发现，环境特征在于机会众多/不确定且需要新的文化和能力，这导致组织投资于结合结构和情境双元性元素的举措——我们称之为混合双元性。我们的理论框架综合并补充了现有工作，这些工作已开始研究结构双元性与情境双元性的前提。我们挑战了将情境双元性和结构双元性视为二分法的普遍理解，并重新将它们视为连续体的两端。此外，我们还提供了初步证据，表明企业的双元性方法受到管理者对能力和机会的看法的影响。

文献来源：

Jan Ossenbrink, Joern Hoppmann, and Volker H. Hoffmann, 2019: Hybrid Ambidexterity: How the Environment Shapes Incumbents’ Use of Structural and Contextual Approaches. Organization Science, 30:6, 1319-1348.

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图文：游晟

编辑：李发珍

审核：宁靓、姜忠辉