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赏析拜登就职演讲中 10 个最值得背诵的句子 | 建议收藏

孟庆伟Justin 孟庆伟英文写作 2023-11-29

前天晚上看了拜登就职典礼直播,最喜欢的是 Garth Brooks 清唱 Amazing Grace,以及美国首位青年桂冠诗人 Amanda Gorman 朗诵的诗歌。相比之下,美国第 46 届总统 Joe Biden 的就职演讲却乏善可陈,以至于仪式刚结束,《经济学人》Johnson 语言专栏的作者 Lane Greene 就发了这样一条推特:



我觉得 Greene 在这里主要指的不是内容,而是演讲发挥(delivery)。从公众演讲的角度来看,如果 Gorman 的表现是 90 分的话,拜登的演讲可能只有 70 分。不过拜登的演讲内容一点不差,听的时候我感觉有很多林肯的影子


后来我又读了一遍拜登的就职演讲稿(演讲稿见文末“阅读原文”),从中选出了 10 多个我认为是最精彩的句子。这些句子值得玩味,也可以直接背诵,对们的英文口语和写作都有帮助。


之前朗读过肯尼迪、里根、奥巴马等美国总统的演讲,这次听完拜登的演讲感觉美国总统就职演讲其实非常“套路”,说来说去主要在做一件事情:paraphrase。不管是谁上台,演讲中必然会感谢自己竞选团队的付出,总结过去,展望将来,引用《美国宪法》、《独立宣言》和国父的名言,强调团结的重要性,感谢支持自己的选民,也向投票给竞争对手的民众喊话,和世界各国人民说一声“我来了”。

就职演讲稿的撰写人(speech writer)要做的就是怎样 paraphrase 好上面的这些要点,最好是能有一些新意。拜登演讲中除了惯用的头韵、尾韵、排比、对照、平行、重复等修辞外,最大的语言特色是多处引用了林肯名篇《葛底斯堡演讲》





1. Today, we celebrate the triumph not of a candidate, but of a cause, the cause of democracy. The people*, the will of the people, has been heard and the will of the people has been heeded.


Justin 赏析:


这句话里面有两处头韵:candidate, cause, cause; heard, heeded.


“The people*”应该是说错了,拜登本来想说的是后面的句子。“the will of the people”接连出现两次,可见拜登想强调大选结果是民意。


2. From now, on this hallowed ground, where just a few days ago, violence sought to shake the Capitol’s very foundation, we come together as one nation, under God, indivisible, to carry out the peaceful transfer of power, as we have for more than two centuries.


Justin 赏析:


这句话出现在演讲开始不久,当时就听出了林肯演讲中熟悉的味道。后来看到演讲稿虽然只是几处用词,但我猜测演讲稿的撰写人受到了林肯的启发。


1)“on this hallowed ground”呼应《葛底斯堡演讲》中的这句:


But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow—this ground


2)“as one nation, under God”呼应《葛底斯堡演讲》中的这句:


that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.


3. But the American story depends not on any one of us, not on some of us, but on all of us, on we the people who seek a more perfect union.


Justin 赏析:


这个句子使用了 not A not B but C, D 的结构,非常工整,强调了 us 和 we,为下文展开主题 unity 做好了铺垫。


“we the people”看似不起眼的三个词其实是《美国宪法》序言的开头用词,“seek a more perfect union”也是对《美国宪法》序言开篇句子的 paraphrase:


We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity...


奥巴马的演讲中也经常用到这个表达,他当政时期的请愿平台也是以“We the people”命名,足见这三个词的分量和在美国人心中的地位。


奥巴马政府白宫请愿网站


4. And over the centuries, through storm and strife, in peace and in war, we've come so far. But we still have far to go. We'll press forward with speed and urgency, for we have much to do in this winter of peril and significant possibilities, much to repair, much to restore, much to heal, much to build, and much to gain.


Justin 赏析:


这几句里面使用了:


对照(antithesis):in peace and in war;


重复(rhetorical repetition):so far 和 have far to go;


平行、对称(rhetorical symmetry):through storm and strife, with speed and urgency;


排比(parallelism):much to repair, much to restore, much to heal, much to build, and much to gain.


5. Few people in our nation’s history have been more challenged or found a time more challenging or difficult than the time we’re in now. A once-in-a-century virus that silently stalks the country. It’s taken as many lives in one year as America lost in all of World War II. Millions of jobs have been lost. Hundreds of thousands of businesses closed. A cry for racial justice, some 400 years in the making, moves us. The dream of justice for all will be deferred no longer.


Justin 赏析:


这段话里两个句子分量最重。一个是美国在一年时间里新冠致死的人数相当于美国在二战损失的总人数。2020 年 5 月美国新冠致死的人数即将超过 10 万的时候,《纽约时报》为 1000 名新冠逝者登了“迷你悼文”,当时美国人已经觉得情况很糟糕了,可当死亡人数超过 40 万,和二战阵亡人数相提并论时,美国民众不论政治立场如何,都能够感受到事态的恶劣性。


另一个句子是这段话的最后一句。拜登就职的前两天恰好是马丁·路德·金日,最后一句既呼应了由 George Floyd 事件引起的 BLM 社会运动,也呼应了金博士在林肯纪念堂前做的《我有一个梦想》演讲。



6.1 We can deliver racial justice and we can make America once again the leading force for good in the world.


6.2 And we must reject the culture in which facts themselves are manipulated and even manufactured. 


Justin 赏析:


这两个句子虽然乍一看没有指向,但我认为都在指特朗普政府。once again 和 for good 将矛头对准了特朗普。特朗普任期美国和盟友的关系撕裂,退出黎协定和 WHO,美国名誉扫地。


第二个句子里面 manipulate 和 manufacture 又是一对头韵。关键是前面搭配的是 facts,连事实都可以被操纵和编造,简直荒唐。美国大选结果还没出来,特朗普就在推特上宣称自己赢得了大选,这样的荒唐例子比比皆是。


7. Here we stand across the Potomac from Arlington Cemetery, where heroes who gave the last full measure of devotion rest in eternal peace.


Justin 赏析:


Potomac 指的是波托马克河,是华盛顿特区和弗吉尼亚州的边界,河的那头就是 Arlington Cemetery(阿灵顿国家公墓)。这座公墓建成于美国南北战争期间,其中安葬了美国国家战争中牺牲的美国军人,从南北战争到最近的伊拉克战争和阿富汗战争。


Arlington Cemetery


这句话又是林肯附体。“who gave the last full measure of devotion”来自《葛底斯堡演讲》中的这句:

It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain...


8. And here we stand just days after a riotous mob thought they could use violence to silence the will of the people, to stop the work of our democracy, to drive us from this sacred ground.


Justin 赏析:


这句中最漂亮的地方是尾韵(end rhyme):violence 和 silence。


9. Yet hear me clearly: Disagreement must not lead to disunion.


Justin 赏析:


这个短句可能是就职演讲中最容易让人记住的句子。


disagreement 和 disunion 又是头韵,前者意思是不同政见(演讲开头还用了同义词 dissent),后者的意思是分裂联邦(呼应《美国宪法》中的 in order to form a more perfect Union)。表达异见可以;分裂国家不能接受。


10. And we’ll lead, not merely by the example of our power, but by the power of our example.


Justin 赏析:


这个句子也是全篇最漂亮的金句之一,使用了交错配列的修辞(chiasmus),即将 example 和 power 交错配列。


美国总统就职演讲中使用了这种修辞的最有名的句子可能要数这句:


Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. 

John F. Kennedy



美国第 35 任总统约翰·肯尼迪的这句话激发了美国人的爱国热情,激励了几代美国人为之奋斗。


Bonus pick: I will defend the Constitution. I’ll defend our democracy. I’ll defend America and I will give all, all of you. Keep everything I do in your service, thinking not of power, but of possibilities, not of personal interest, but the public good. 


Justin 赏析:


我非常喜欢演讲临近结束时的这几句。里面有排比,有平行结构,有头韵。not of A, but of B, not of C, but of D。ABCD 四个词都押 P 的头韵,写出了拜登和特朗普的差别,也写出了拜登为民服务的决心。




几个月前,我读了《纽约客》记者 Evan Osnos(欧逸文)写的 Joe Biden,里面有个小故事让我印象深刻。在拜登十几岁的时候,他当时的女朋友(后来成为了他的第一任妻子)的母亲问他他以后想干什么。"President," Biden said, and added, "of the United States.



拜登在他 78 岁高龄的时候终于圆梦了。不想当将军的士兵不是好士兵;不想当总统的政治家不是好政治家。拜登一直在为成为总统做着准备:他在 1972 年当选特拉华州参议员的时候是美国历史上最年轻的民主党参议员;他从 1973 年到 2009 年一直担任特拉华州参议员;从 2009 年到 2017 年奥巴马政府担任副总统。


美国可能比任何时候都需要拜登。希望像他在演讲中说的一样:we can make America once again the leading force for good in the world. 


很多英语学习者总是纠结背什么,这篇文章中选的这 10 多个句子就都值得背。Enjoy!


P.S. 你最喜欢其中的哪个句子呢?在评论区分享你的想法吧~


孟庆伟 Justin

个人微 ID:justinqmeng

现象级英语联合创始人

初中英语 70 分(满分 100)

两次获雅思写作 8 分,口语 8 分

2021年现象级英语社群招募


题图:Reuters


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